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'''Adolescent and adult circumcision''' is rare when compared to the millions upon millions of medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic [[Circumcision| circumcisions ]] of boys that are carried out in Islamic [[Islam]]ic nations, [[Israel]], the [[United States]], and elsewhere, however they are promoted by a [[medical trade association]] and its members. [[Rosemary Romberg]] commented on adult circumcision in the [[United States]]:<blockquote><i>In the United States doctors tend to consider the [[foreskin]] as something "dispensible."…It is difficult to ascertain the true percentage of actual need for adult circumcision among [[intact]] males. In a circumcision-oriented society such as ours many doctors prescribe the operation for conditions which could be resolved, often easily, without resort to surgery.…</i><ref>{{REFbook |last=Romberg |first=Rosemary |init= |author-link=Rosemary Romberg |year=2021 |title=Circumcision — The Painful Dilemma |url=https://circumcisionthepainfuldilemma.wordpress.com/ |work= |editor=[[Ulf Dunkel]] |edition=Second Edition, Revised |volume= |chapter=The Circumcision of an Adult |scope= |page=247 |pages= |location= |publisher=Kindle |ISBN=23: 979-8683021252 |quote= |accessdate=2023-08-31 |note=}}</ref></blockquote>

Male [[circumcision ]] is an ''elective '' surgical [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] part of the [[penis]]. Legally, the patient or his surrogate (proxy) must grant [[Informed consent| ''informed'' consent]] before the surgery can be performed. A surrogate's powers are limited to granting consent for medically-indicated and necessary diagnosis and treatment of existing disease.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal |last=Myers |first= |init=A |author-link=Alex Myers |last2=Earp |first2= |init2=BD |author2-link=Brian D. Earp |etal=no |title=What is the best age to circumcise? A medical and ethical analysis |trans-title= |language= |journal= Bioethics |location= |date=2020 |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=645-63 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Brian-Earp-2/publication/337720859_What_Is_the_Best_Age_to_Circumcise_A_Medical_and_Ethical_Analysis/links/5f815f61a6fdccfd7b555395/What-Is-the-Best-Age-to-Circumcise-A-Medical-and-Ethical-Analysis.pdf |quote=Based on a careful consideration of the relevant evidence, arguments and counterarguments, we conclude that medically unnecessary penile circumcision-like other medically unnecessary genital procedures, such as 'cosmetic' labiaplasty-should not be performed on individuals who are too young (or otherwise unable) to provide meaningful consent to the procedure. |pubmedID=32068898 |pubmedCID= |doi=10.1111/bioe.12714 |format=PDF |accessdate=2020-06-30}}</ref>

The surgeon most provide all material information to the patient before [[informed consent]] can be granted. There is a strong tendency for the surgeon to omit telling the patient anything about the nature and [http://www.intactaus.org/information/functionsoftheforeskin/ function functions of the foreskin], <ref name="masood2005">{{REFjournal |last=Masood |init=S |etal=yes |title=Penile sensitivity and sexual satisfaction after circumcision: are we informing men correctly? |journal=Urol Int |date=2005 |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=62-6 |url=https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/85930 |pubmedID=16037710 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1159/000085930 |accessdate=2023-04-08}}</ref> which would be lost through [[amputation]] if consent should be granted. [[Issues_with_American_urologists_and_the_practice_of_male_circumcision| Urologic surgeons]] in the [[United States]] derive a substantial fee from the performance of a [[circumcision]], so some may have a [[bias]] in favor of circumcision and may inappropriately recommend adult circumcision to patients when a conservative treatment would be satisfactory or even when no treatment is necessary. Patients should be wary and do their own research before granting consent for an <u>irreversible</u> [[circumcision]].

* Deformed foreskins — The common type of deformed foreskin is the narrow non-retractable foreskin of [[phimosis]]. Circumcision was the traditional treatment for phimosis, however circumcision is less performed today because newer conservative treatments are now available that preserve the [[foreskin ]] and its many useful functions.

}}</ref> and recurrent [[balanitis| balanoposthitis]], and gangrene.

* Damaged foreskins — This includes any type of physical [[trauma ]] and injury that is beyond surgical repair. Zipper injury does not require circumcision.<ref name="flowerdew1977">{{REFjournal

Some adult males may seek non-therapeutic circumcision because of a conversion to [[Judaism]] or [[Islam]]. Others may simply want a circumcision because they like the physical appearance, or to fit into a society where most men are [[circumcised]], or for some personal whim.<ref name="holman1999">{{REFjournal

Beaugé (1997) reported that boys, who masturbate by pulling their [[foreskin ]] away from the body, will not stretch the tight part of the foreskin so non-retractile foreskin will persist. He advised changing the method of [[masturbation]] to the more conventional method of pulling the foreskin toward the body so that the narrow orifice gets stretched.<ref name="beauge1997">{{REFjournal

|author-link= |last2= |init2= |author2-link=Michel Beaugé

The traditional way of addressing this issue was to consult a urologist and get a circumcision, however we now understand that in the vast majority of cases, manual [[stretching ]] over a few months will widen the foreskin by [[tissue expansion]], make the foreskin retractable and eliminate the need for a destructive circumcision.

[[Dorsal slit]] is a cut on the top of the [[foreskin ]] to widen the opening, allowing the foreskin to retract and fall below the shaft of the [[penis]]. Dorsal slit does not cut around and does not remove tissue, so it is not a true circumcision. Dorsal slit is a first step in the circumcision of a phimotic foreskin by the sleeve technique.<ref name="holman1999" />

They recommended [[dorsal penile nerve block ]] or [[ring block ]] local anesthesia for the [[pain]] of circumcision surgery.

Specifically, the patient should be told about the risks of [[bleeding]], hematoma formation, [[infection]], inadvertent damage to the [[glans]], removal of too much or too little [[skin]], aesthetically unpleasing results , and a change of sensation during intercourse. The patient should also be informed that, during the postoperative period, [[erection]]s can cause pain and [[Wound dehiscence| disruption of the suture line ]] that may require replacement of the sutures. Full recovery following circumcision generally requires four to six weeks of abstinence from all genital stimulation and sexual activity.<ref name="holman1999" />

There is danger of [[infection]] until the [[circumcision]] wound heals closed.<ref name==Lymphoedema=="wang2023" />

The human [[foreskin]] has long been noted for its high level of erogenous sensation. Winklemann (1959) early identified the foreskin as a ''specific erogenous zone''.<ref name="winklemann1959">{{REFjournal |last=Winkelmann |init=RK |author-link= |title=The erogenous zones: their nerve supply and significance |journal=Mayo Clin Proc |date=WinkelmannRK 1959-01-21 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=39-47 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/winkelmann/ |quote= |pubmedID=13645790 |pubmedCID= |DOI= |accessdate=2021-06-04}}</ref> Falliers (1970) called attention to ''sensory pleasure'' induced by tactile stimulation of the foreskin, which is almost totally lost after its surgical removal.<ref>{{REFjournal

Denniston (2004) carried out a survey of 38 adult males who were [[circumcised ]] at least 2 years after they commenced sexual intercourse. Thirteen men felt that sexual intercourse was better after circumcision, but 22 felt that intercourse was worse and would not have the circumcision again, because of loss of sexual pleasure.<ref>{{REFjournal

Masood et al. (2005) suggested "before circumcision, men should be warned of the long-term consequences (penile sensations and effect on erectile function) as well as be talked through the more traditional subjects (peri-operative complications)."<ref name="masood2005">{{REFjournal |last=Masood |first= |init=S |author-link= |last2=Patel |first2= |init2=HRH |author2-link= |last3=Himpson |first3= |init3=RC |author3-link= |author9-link= |etal=yes |title=Penile sensitivity and sexual satisfaction after circumcision: Are we informing men correctly? |trans-title= |language= |journal=Urol Int |location= |date=2005 |volume=75 |issue=1 |article= |page= |pages=62-5 |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/masood1/ |pubmedID=16037710 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1159/000085930 |accessdate=2021-06-05}}</ref>

Kim & Pang (2007) studied the effect of adult circumcision on 138 males in [[South Korea]]. They concluded:<blockquote>There were no significant differences in sexual drive, [[erection]], [[ejaculation]], and ejaculation latency time between [[circumcised ]] and [[uncircumcised ]] men. Masturbatory pleasure decreased after circumcision in 48% of the respondents, while 8% reported increased pleasure. Masturbatory difficulty increased after circumcision in 63% of the respondents but was easier in 37%. About 6% answered that their sex lives improved, while 20% reported a worse sex life after circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Kim |first=DaiSik |init= |author-link= |last2=Pang |first2=Myung-Geol |init2= |author2-link= |etal=no |title=The effect of male circumcision on sexuality |trans-title= |language= |journal=BJU Int |location= |date=KimDS PangMG 2007-03 |volume=99 |issue=3 |article= |page=619-22 |pages= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mg-Pang/publication/6643531_The_effect_of_male_circumcision_on_sexuality/links/5a13976a4585158aa3e63676/The-effect-of-male-circumcision-on-sexuality.pdf |pubmedID=17155977 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06646.x |accessdate=}}</ref>

# The exposed [[glans penis]] will protect itself from friction by developing a layer of [[keratin ]] and become cracked and hardened. The [[keratinization]] of the [[glans penis ]] will reduce its sensitivity.# There are possible [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| emotional issues]] secondary to a partial loss of the [[penis ]] through circumcision.==Financial considerations==Medical insurance policies vary with the provider of insurance. Most will pay for circumcision only if it is done to treat a medical condition. When circumcision is carried out for cosmetic reasons or personal desire, it is very unlikely that medical insurance would pay. The cost of an adult circumcision would include a facility fee, a surgeon's fee, an anesthesiologist's fee, and pre-operative and post-operative care. Garrett (2024) says the cost may range from $1,650 to $6,450.<ref name="garrett2024-03-07">{{REFweb |url=https://intactamerica.org/adult-circumcision-cost/ |title=Adult Circumcision Cost: The Profit Motives and Hidden Toll |last=Garrett |first=Connor |init= |author-link=Connor Judson Garrett |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-03-07 |accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref>

Here are five videos in which [[regret men ]] who had an adult circumcision express their regret.

[[Tuli]] is a [[genital mutilation ]] rite of boys and adolescents practiced in the Philippine Islands.

====Medical circumcision====* {{REFwebREFjournal |urllast=http://www.circumstitions.com/Resent.htmlHolman |title=The tip of the iceberg: Men who resent being circumcised |lastfirst=Young |firstinit=HughJR

|publisherlast2=CircumstitionsStuessi |websitefirst2= |init2=KA |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Adult circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=American Family Physician |location= |date=1999-03-15 |season= |volume=59 |issue=6 |article= |accessdatepage=2020 |pages=1514-12-2918 |url=https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1999/0315/p1514.html |formatarchived=

|url=httphttps://15square.org.uk/losses-from-circumcision/ |title=Losses from Circumcision |last=Ball |first=Peter |publisher=15 Square |date=2003-08-09 |accessdate=2023-02-23}}* {{REFweb |url=https://wwwdavidlouis77.intactauswordpress.orgcom/2010/05/08/menadult-circumcision-my-experience-2-circumcisedyears-on/comment-aspage-adults4/#comment-24567 |title=Men Circumcised As AdultsAdult Circumcision: My experience two years on. |last=Louis |first=David |author-link= |publisher=Intact AustraliaDavidLouis77's Blog |website=wordpress.com |date=20172010-0305-0108 |accessdate=2020-12-29 |format= |quote=}}* {{REFweb |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Resent.html |title=The tip of the iceberg: Men who resent being circumcised |last=Young |first=Hugh |author-link= |publisher=Circumstitions |website= |date= |accessdate=2020-12-2129

|url=httpshttp://davidlouis77www.wordpressintactaus.comorg/2010/05/08/adult-circumcision-my-experience-2-yearsmen-on/commentcircumcised-pageas-4adults/#comment-24567 |title=Adult Circumcision: My experience two years on. |last=Louis |first=David |author-link=Men Circumcised As Adults |publisher=DavidLouis77's Blog |website=wordpress.comIntact Australia |date=20102017-0503-0801 |accessdate=2020-12-2921

|date=20222021-0501-29

 * NSFW {{REFweb |url=httphttps://wwwintactamerica.ulwaluko.co.zaorg/adult-circumcision-cost/Complications.html |title=UlwalukoAdult Circumcision Cost: ComplicationsThe Profit Motives and Hidden Toll |last=Garrett |first=Connor |author-link=Connor Judson Garrett |init= |publisher=Intact America |date=2024-03-07 |accessdate=20202024-1203-2110

* NSFW {{REFweb |url=http://www.ulwaluko.co.za/Photos.html |title=Ulwaluko: Photos |accessdate=2020-12-21=Traditional circumcision====}}* NSFW [[Ulwaluko]]