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}}</ref> Any infant boy who undergoes neonatal circumcision will experience some pain and [[trauma]]. Boys who escape circumcision would have no pain or [[trauma]]. The authors concluded that circumcision should be performed with ''anesthetic'', however the text makes clear that they meant ''analgesia'', since full anesthesia is unsafe for neonates.<ref name="lander1997" />

Parents who choose to have a son [[circumcised ]] may expect the infant boy to be uncomfortable and fussy for some time.

When an infant boy is to be [[circumcised]], it is the usual practice to immobilize the infant for the painful surgery by securely tying his limbs to a molded plastic board specially made for that purpose. The infant thus is preventing from fighting or fleeing, which is the [[trauma]]-producing situation of ''inescapable [[shock]]'', described as a "physical condition in which the organism cannot do anything to affect the inevitable."<ref name="vanderkolk2014">{{REFbook

{{Box|Boxtext=<big><b>However, none of the above three procedures totally eliminate pain. A baby boy will still experience some pain and [[trauma]] despite any of those analgesic procedures. Prevention of pain requires protecting a boy from elective neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision. Only boys who are protected from the medically unnecessary circumcision surgery experience no pain or [[trauma]].</b></big>}}