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The male [[circumcision]] operation to amputate the [[foreskin]] has been shown to be a traumatic event. Taddio & colleagues (1995)(1997) studied the effect of neonatal circumcision on the behavior of boys after surgery and at the time of vaccination. It was found that [[circumcised]] boys had a higher pain response at time of vaccination six months later as compared with [[intact]] boys,<ref name="taddio"1995">{{Taddio etal 1995}}</ref> <ref name="taddio1997">{{REFjournal |last=Taddio |first=Anna |init=A |author-link=Anna Taddio |last2=Katz |first2=Joel |init2=J |author2-link= |last3=Ilersich |first3=A. Lane |init3=AL |author3-link= |last4=Gideon |first4=Koren |init4=K |author4-link= |etal=no |title=Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination |journal=Lancet |location= |date=1997-03-01 |volume=342 |issue=9052 |pages=599-603 |url=https://yorkspace.library.yorku.ca/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10315/7941/KAT036.pdf?sequence=1&origin=publication_detail |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=9057731 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)10316-0 |accessdate=2020-11-28}}</ref> showing that the nervous system had been permanently sensitized to heightened pain sensation.