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*: There are several comments: Firstly, the study design was already destroyed with the start of the trial. The [[circumcised ]] control group was circumcised directly at the beginning of the study. This means that the [[intact ]] control group had a 'contagion lead' of six weeks which were applied until the circumcision wounds have healed. Secondly, the entire study was carried out in the region with the highest [[HIV]] rate around the world. Thus the results are not that meaningful as if the study would have been carried out in areas with 'normal' infection rates. Orange Farm, the village in South Africa, is well-known for the high rate of [[HIV]]. A third criticism is that the study of [[Bertran Auvert|Auvert]] comes up with mathematical legerdemain and was also canceled after two years, when the figures threatened to align themselves. Unfortunately, this study is also the basis on which the [[WHO]] performs worth millions [[circumcision]] campaigns with the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]].

* '''"Circumcision supposedly protects against urinary tract infections ([[UTI]])."'''

*: [[Penile cancer ]] is one of the rarest types of cancer worldwide. In addition, the cancer is one of advanced age. Men have a higher risk of developing breast cancer than penile cancer. Cancer of the [[penis]] is also a cancer of the [[foreskin]] '''''and'''' the [[Glans penis|glans]] and quite well treatable. This cancer is no reason to force [[circumcision]] on boys.

*: The [[foreskin]] is naturally equipped with multiple defense mechanisms against [[infection]]. The [[foreskin]] in the infant and toddler has a pronounced peak with a sphincter, which is formed by a vortex of muscle tissue, and remains closed to keep foreign substances out there, but opens to allow the outflow of [[urine]]. The sub-preputial moisture contains lysozyme, a secretion that destroys harmful microorganisms. The [[foreskin]] contains Langerhans cells, provide protection against [[HIV]] infection. Fleiss, Hodges, and [[Robert S. Van Howe|Van Howe]]<ref>{{FleissP HodgesF VanHoweRS 1998}}</ref> explain the immunological functions of the [[foreskin]] in detail, as well as Cold and Taylor.<ref>{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref>*: "The [[foreskin]] has a number of tasks and functions. The glands which can be found in the inner [[foreskin]], produce a secretion that keeps the [[Glans penis|glans]] soft and supple. The so-called [[smegma ]] is used to obtain a stable bacterial flora in the genital area of ​​men and to protect them from diseases. It protects against [[infection]], which may also affect the [[urethra]], since its task is the natural hygiene of the [[Glans penis|glans]]."<ref>{{REFweb