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→Circumcision: Add text and Wikify.
* Circumcision is the most expensive treatment.<ref name="vanhowe1998" />
* Circumcision exposes the patient to the surgical risks of [[bleeding]], [[infection]], and surgical misadventure, which rarely can include loss of the [[glans penis]], loss of the [[penis]] or [[death]].
* Circumcision has a long, painful, and difficult recovery. Erections are painful. Post-circumcision [[lymphoedema]] caused swelling can last for many months. Recovery time is placed at six weeks. Erections may cause sutures to pull out, thus opening the surgical wound, causing [[wound dehiscence]]. Sexual and [[Psychological issues of male circumcision| psychological]] issues abound. As with other surgery, complications are surgical misadventure, hemorrhage, and infection. Loss of the penis and [[death]] are known.<ref name="shahid2012" /> <ref name="williams-kapila1993">{{REFjournal