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'''{{FULLPAGENAME}}'''
== Definition ==
{{WikipediaQuote|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frostbite|title=Frostbite}}
<blockquote>'''Frostbite''' is a [[skin]] [[injury]] that occurs when exposed to extreme low temperatures, causing the freezing of the skin or other tissues,<ref name=Handford2017>{{REFjournal
|last=Handford
|first=Charles
|init=C
|last2=Thomas
|init2=O
|last3=Imray
|init3=CHE
|title=Frostbite
|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|date=2017-05
|volume=35
|issue=2
|pages=281–99
|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006
|pubmedID=28411928
}}</ref> commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin areas.<ref>{{REFweb
|title=Frostbite - Symptoms and causes
|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656
|accessdate=2021-02-19
|website=Mayo Clinic
}}</ref> Most often, frostbite occurs in the hands and feet.<ref name="Handford 7">{{REFjournal
|last=Handford
|first=Charles
|init=C
|last2=Buxton
|first2=Pauline
|init2=P
|last3=Russell
|first3=Katie
|init3=K
|last4=Imray
|first4=Caitlin EA
|init4=CEA
|last5=McIntosh
|first5=Scott E
|init5=SE
|last6=Freer
|first6=Luanne
|init6=L
|last7=Cochran
|first7=Amalia
|init7=A
|last8=Imray
|first8=Christopher HE
|init8=CJE
|date=2014-04-22
|title=Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management
|journal=Extreme Physiology & Medicine
|volume=3
|page=7
|doi=10.1186/2046-7648-3-7
|issn=2046-7648
|pubmedCID=3994495
|pubmedID=24764516
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Millet
|first=John D.
|init=JD
|last2=Brown
|first2=Richard K. J.
|init2=RKJ
|last3=Levi
|first3=Benjamin
|init3=B
|last4=Kraft
|first4=Casey T.
|init4=CT
|last5=Jacobson
|first5=Jon A.
|init5=JA
|last6=Gross
|first6=Milton D.
|init6=MD
|last7=Wong
|first7=Ka Kit
|init7=KK
|date=2016-11
|title=Frostbite: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Guidelines for Management
|journal=Radiographics
|volume=36
|issue=7
|pages=2154–69
|doi=10.1148/rg.2016160045
|issn=0271-5333
|pubmedCID=5131839
|pubmedID=27494386
}}</ref> The initial symptoms are typically a feeling of cold and tingling or numbing.<ref name=Handford2017/> This may be followed by clumsiness with a white or bluish color to the skin.<ref name=Handford2017/> Swelling or blistering may occur following treatment.<ref name=Handford2017/> Complications may include hypothermia or compartment syndrome.<ref name=Mc2014>{{REFjournal
|last=McIntosh
|first=Scott E.
|init=SE
|last2=Opacic
|first2=Matthew
|init2=M
|last3=Freer
|first3=Luanne
|init3=L
|last4=Grissom
|first4=Colin K.
|init4=CK
|last5=Auerbach
|first5=Paul S.
|init5=PS
|last6=Rodway
|first6=George W.
|init6=GW
|last7=Cochran
|first7=Amalia
|init7=A
|last8=Giesbrecht
|first8=Gordon G.
|init8=GG
|last9=McDevitt
|first9=Marion
|init9=M
|date=2014-12-01
|title=Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update
|journal=Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
|volume=25
|issue=4 Suppl
|pages=S43–54
|doi=10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001
|issn=1545-1534
|pubmedID=25498262
|doi-access=free
}}</ref><ref name=Handford2017/>
</blockquote>
== Penile frostbite ==
This term is not commonly used in relation to the [[penis]] or [[foreskin]]. It emerged in early 2023 because Prince Harry, the Duke of Wales, used the term in his book ''Reserve''. In it he falsely claims "that the chance of getting penile frostbite is much greater if you’re not circumcised" which not only is unproven but also unlogical, because the [[foreskin]] protects the [[glans]] from frostbite, like it does protect it from faeces and urine during the diaper era of newborns and other harmful influences later.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://pagesix.com/2023/01/05/prince-harry-reveals-whether-hes-circumcised-in-bombshell-spare-memoir/
|title=Prince Harry reveals whether he’s circumcised in bombshell ‘Spare’ memoir
|last=Gostin
|first=Nick
|date=2023-01-05
|accessdate=2023-01-26
}}</ref>
Antarctic explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes states why Prince Harry's claim isn't true:
{{Citation
|Text=...my private parts were nipped and swelled up. When I mentioned this to Mike, it turned out he was having the same problem only worse, with a blistered end. He was circumcised and therefore, in effect, had one less layer of insulation. I made a note of this factor in terms of selecting future candidates for polar expeditions.<br><br>
[The foreskin offers not just insulation, but better circulation. The context makes it clear that the last remark is tongue-in-cheek.]
|Author=Sir Ranulph Fiennes
|Source=Mind Over Matter: the Epic Crossing of the Antarctic Continent
|ref=<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Fiennes
|first=Ranulph
|title=Mind over Matter: the Epic Crossing of the Antarctic Continent
|page=75
|url=https://www.amazon.com/Mind-over-Matter-Antarctic-Continent/dp/0385312164/
|isbn=978-0385312165
|date=1994-05-01
|scope=332
|publisher=Delacorte Press
}}</ref>
}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision risks]]
{{REF}}
[[Category:Penile illness]]
== Definition ==
{{WikipediaQuote|URL=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frostbite|title=Frostbite}}
<blockquote>'''Frostbite''' is a [[skin]] [[injury]] that occurs when exposed to extreme low temperatures, causing the freezing of the skin or other tissues,<ref name=Handford2017>{{REFjournal
|last=Handford
|first=Charles
|init=C
|last2=Thomas
|init2=O
|last3=Imray
|init3=CHE
|title=Frostbite
|journal=Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|date=2017-05
|volume=35
|issue=2
|pages=281–99
|doi=10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006
|pubmedID=28411928
}}</ref> commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin areas.<ref>{{REFweb
|title=Frostbite - Symptoms and causes
|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656
|accessdate=2021-02-19
|website=Mayo Clinic
}}</ref> Most often, frostbite occurs in the hands and feet.<ref name="Handford 7">{{REFjournal
|last=Handford
|first=Charles
|init=C
|last2=Buxton
|first2=Pauline
|init2=P
|last3=Russell
|first3=Katie
|init3=K
|last4=Imray
|first4=Caitlin EA
|init4=CEA
|last5=McIntosh
|first5=Scott E
|init5=SE
|last6=Freer
|first6=Luanne
|init6=L
|last7=Cochran
|first7=Amalia
|init7=A
|last8=Imray
|first8=Christopher HE
|init8=CJE
|date=2014-04-22
|title=Frostbite: a practical approach to hospital management
|journal=Extreme Physiology & Medicine
|volume=3
|page=7
|doi=10.1186/2046-7648-3-7
|issn=2046-7648
|pubmedCID=3994495
|pubmedID=24764516
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Millet
|first=John D.
|init=JD
|last2=Brown
|first2=Richard K. J.
|init2=RKJ
|last3=Levi
|first3=Benjamin
|init3=B
|last4=Kraft
|first4=Casey T.
|init4=CT
|last5=Jacobson
|first5=Jon A.
|init5=JA
|last6=Gross
|first6=Milton D.
|init6=MD
|last7=Wong
|first7=Ka Kit
|init7=KK
|date=2016-11
|title=Frostbite: Spectrum of Imaging Findings and Guidelines for Management
|journal=Radiographics
|volume=36
|issue=7
|pages=2154–69
|doi=10.1148/rg.2016160045
|issn=0271-5333
|pubmedCID=5131839
|pubmedID=27494386
}}</ref> The initial symptoms are typically a feeling of cold and tingling or numbing.<ref name=Handford2017/> This may be followed by clumsiness with a white or bluish color to the skin.<ref name=Handford2017/> Swelling or blistering may occur following treatment.<ref name=Handford2017/> Complications may include hypothermia or compartment syndrome.<ref name=Mc2014>{{REFjournal
|last=McIntosh
|first=Scott E.
|init=SE
|last2=Opacic
|first2=Matthew
|init2=M
|last3=Freer
|first3=Luanne
|init3=L
|last4=Grissom
|first4=Colin K.
|init4=CK
|last5=Auerbach
|first5=Paul S.
|init5=PS
|last6=Rodway
|first6=George W.
|init6=GW
|last7=Cochran
|first7=Amalia
|init7=A
|last8=Giesbrecht
|first8=Gordon G.
|init8=GG
|last9=McDevitt
|first9=Marion
|init9=M
|date=2014-12-01
|title=Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update
|journal=Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
|volume=25
|issue=4 Suppl
|pages=S43–54
|doi=10.1016/j.wem.2014.09.001
|issn=1545-1534
|pubmedID=25498262
|doi-access=free
}}</ref><ref name=Handford2017/>
</blockquote>
== Penile frostbite ==
This term is not commonly used in relation to the [[penis]] or [[foreskin]]. It emerged in early 2023 because Prince Harry, the Duke of Wales, used the term in his book ''Reserve''. In it he falsely claims "that the chance of getting penile frostbite is much greater if you’re not circumcised" which not only is unproven but also unlogical, because the [[foreskin]] protects the [[glans]] from frostbite, like it does protect it from faeces and urine during the diaper era of newborns and other harmful influences later.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://pagesix.com/2023/01/05/prince-harry-reveals-whether-hes-circumcised-in-bombshell-spare-memoir/
|title=Prince Harry reveals whether he’s circumcised in bombshell ‘Spare’ memoir
|last=Gostin
|first=Nick
|date=2023-01-05
|accessdate=2023-01-26
}}</ref>
Antarctic explorer Sir Ranulph Fiennes states why Prince Harry's claim isn't true:
{{Citation
|Text=...my private parts were nipped and swelled up. When I mentioned this to Mike, it turned out he was having the same problem only worse, with a blistered end. He was circumcised and therefore, in effect, had one less layer of insulation. I made a note of this factor in terms of selecting future candidates for polar expeditions.<br><br>
[The foreskin offers not just insulation, but better circulation. The context makes it clear that the last remark is tongue-in-cheek.]
|Author=Sir Ranulph Fiennes
|Source=Mind Over Matter: the Epic Crossing of the Antarctic Continent
|ref=<ref>{{REFbook
|last=Fiennes
|first=Ranulph
|title=Mind over Matter: the Epic Crossing of the Antarctic Continent
|page=75
|url=https://www.amazon.com/Mind-over-Matter-Antarctic-Continent/dp/0385312164/
|isbn=978-0385312165
|date=1994-05-01
|scope=332
|publisher=Delacorte Press
}}</ref>
}}
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[Circumcision risks]]
{{REF}}
[[Category:Penile illness]]