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→Early life: Add URL.
|issue=2
|pages=85–86
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1546185/pdf/archdisch00820-0007.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|DOI=10.1136/adc.52.2.85
|date=1977
|accessdate=2023-03-23
}}</ref> His mother was Mary Mitchell. He was the great-nephew of historian James Gairdner. Gairdner was named for his father's late friend, Douglas M. Thornton who had died three years before Gairdner's birth. Gairdner had four siblings. His very early life was spent in Egypt where his father was a missionary.<ref name="read">{{REFjournal
|last=Gairdner