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→The American Urological Association: Add text and citation.
* This statement claims that circumcision prevents [[phimosis]] and [[paraphimosis]], however these are normal developmental conditions and not diseases.
* This statement claims that circumcision prevents [[Balanitis| balanoposthitis]], however the treatment for this inflammation depends on accurate diagnosis of the cause, followed by appropriate treatment.
* This statement claims that circumcision reduces [[urinary tract infection]] (UTI) by 90 percent, but it ignores the immunnological functions of the [[intact]] foreskin.<ref name="fleiss-hodges-vanhowe1998"/> The proper treatment for UTI is anti-microbial, not surgery.<ref name="McCracken 1989">{{REFjournal
|last=McCracken
|init=GH
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/mccracken/
|title=Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children
|journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J
|volume=8
|issue=8
|date=1989-08
|pages=552-555
|accessdate=2023-04-08
}}</ref>
{{REF}}