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|format= |quote=}}</ref> and [[Foreskin sensitivity| sensations]] from the natural [[intact]] foreskin. American female urologists don't have male body parts so they also have no personal experience at all of the functions and sensations of the natural intact [[foreskin]].
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|first= |init= |publisher=American Urological Association.
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|author=[[Canadian Urological Association]]
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There are many '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}issues with American urologists and the practice of male circumcision'''. ==Lack of experience with a normal body part==
American male urologists are drawn from the general population in which the great majority of males have received a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic infant [[circumcision]],<ref name="laumann1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Laumann
|first=Edward O.
|init=EO
|author-link=
|last2=Masi
|first2=Christopher M.
|init2=CM
|author2-link=
|last3=Zuckerman
|first3=Ezra W.
|init3=EW
|author3-link=
|etal=no
|title=Circumcision in the United States
|journal=JAMA
|date=1997-04-02
|volume=277
|issue=13
|pages=1052-7
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/laumann/
|pubmedID=9091693
|accessdate=2023-04-08
}}</ref> so most have no personal experience of the functions<ref>{{REFweb
|last=Helard
|first=Lou
|init=L
|author-link=
|publisher=[[Intact Australia |website=]]
|date=2014-08-01
|accessdate=2023-04-08
This abysmal state of ignorance cannot serve the patients well. Moreover, Muller found that [[circumcised doctors]] are biased in favor of infant [[circumcision]], and may also be biased in favor of [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| adult circumcision]].<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Muller
|first=
|etal=no
|title=To cut or not to cut? Personal factors influence primary care physicians’ position on elective newborn circumcision
|journal=Journal of Men's Health
|date=2010-10
|volume=7
|issue=3
|pages=227-32
|url=https://www.arclaw.org/wp-content/uploads/Muller-Cut-or-not-cut-JMH-2010.pdf
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-04-08
}}</ref>
==The American Urological Association==
The American Urological Association (AUA) is the medical trade association for the American urological industry. It has the primary function of advancing the business interests and financial well-being of its members. The AUA is considered to be a source of pro-circumcision [[bias]].
|title=Circumcision
|last=Anonymous
|date=2018-10
|accessdate=2023-04-08
|pages=155-9
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1195642/pdf/genitmed00009-0009.pdf
|pubmedID=8707315
|pubmedCID=195642
{{Citation
|Text=Given the socioeconomic, educational status, and health demographics of our population, universal neonatal circumcision cannot be justified based on the current evidence available.
|Author=[[Canadian Urological Association]]
|ref=<ref name="cua2018">{{REFjournal
|last=Dave
|title=Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (abridged version)
|journal=Can Urol Assoc J
|date=2018-02
|volume=12
|pages=18-28
|url=https://cuaj.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/5034/3470
|pubmedID=29381455
|pubmedCID=5937397
|accessdate=2023-04-10
}}</ref>
}}
Every circumcision causes both [[trauma| psychic and physical trauma]] to the patient. Svoboda (2017) considered whether the benefits of non-therapeutic circumcision (NTC) was sufficient to justify the trauma. He wrote:
<blockquote>
As argued here, nontherapeutic circumcision of male minors is not medically justifiable and violates the cardinal principles of medical ethics, including preserving a child’s future autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice. Circumcision should be at least delayed until the affected person reaches an age of understanding and is able to make his own risk-benefit analysis. Notably, the Danish Medical Association issued a policy paper in December 2016 that found NTC before the age of informed consent to be unethical. Physicians’ legal right to operate on healthy children is also questionable. In 2012, a German court held that circumcision constitutes criminal assault by causing bodily harm and denying a child his right to physical integrity, although the decision was later legislatively reversed. And in 2015, in a case involving female genital cutting/mutilation, a British judge found that nontherapeutic circumcision of male children is a “significant harm". As the balance of legal, ethical, and human rights discourse moves steadily against NTC, courts in the US and elsewhere might gradually conclude that NTC is inconsistent with medical professionals’ ethical and legal duties to the child.<ref name="svoboda2017">{{REFjournal
|etal=no
|title=Nontherapeutic Circumcision of Minors as an Ethically Problematic Form of Iatrogenic Injury
|journal=AMA J Ethics
|date=2017-08-01
|volume=19
|pages=815-24
|url=https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/journalofethics.ama-assn.org/files/2018-04/msoc2-1708.pdf
|pubmedID=28846521
|pubmedCID=
</blockquote>
==Issues with care of intact males==Intactiwiki [[IntactiWiki]] is aware of a steady flow of inquiries and complaints from [[foreskinned]] males who have consulted unnamed urologists for one reason or another. It appears that some urologists omit information on conservative, foreskin preserving treatment and immediately recommend circumcision.
The inquiries usually seek to validate information provided to the patient by the urologist. Patients with a narrow foreskin may be told that well proven [[stretching]] to generate [[tissue expansion]] won't work, so they will have to receive a [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]] to treat non-retractile foreskin.
Reports suggest that some urologists tend to omit information on the nature and function of the [[foreskin]] from discussions with [[intact]] patients.
[[Intact]] males who consult a urologist should receive any recommendation for [[Adolescent_and_adult_circumcision| adult circumcision]] with extreme caution. Doing one's own research is advised so one does not become one of the [[regret men]].
{{REF}}
[[Category:Physicians]]