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</ref> Kellogg was able to draw upon many medical sources' claims such as "neither the plague, nor war, nor small-pox, nor similar diseases, have produced results so disastrous to humanity as the pernicious habit of [[onanism]]," credited to one Dr. Adam Clarke. Kellogg strongly warned against the habit in his own words, claiming of [[masturbation]]-related deaths "such a victim literally dies by his own hand," among other condemnations. He felt that [[masturbation]] destroyed not only physical and mental health, but the moral health of individuals as well. Kellogg also believed the practice of this "solitary-vice" caused cancer of the womb, urinary diseases, [[nocturnal emission| nocturnal emissions]], impotence, epilepsy, insanity, and mental and physical debility; "dimness of vision" was only briefly mentioned.