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|accessdate=2020-12-20
}}</ref>
The American Academy of Pediatrics advised:
<blockquote>
When pain is prolonged, striking changes occur in the infant's physiologic and behavioral indicators. During episodes of prolonged pain, neonates enter a state of passivity with few, if any, body movements; an expressionless face; decreased heart rate and respiratory variability; and decreased oxygen consumption, all suggestive of a marked conservation of energy.<ref name="aap2016">{{REFjournal
|last= Committee on Fetus and Newborn and Section on Surgery; Section on Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine;
Canadian Paediatric Society; Fetus and Newborn Committee
|etal=no
|title=Prevention and Management of Pain in the Neonate: An Update
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Pediatrics
|location=
|date=2006-11
|volume=118
|issue=5
|article=
|page=
|pages=2231–41
|url=https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/118/5/2231/69964/Prevention-and-Management-of-Pain-in-the-Neonate?autologincheck=redirected
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=17079598
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1542/peds.2006-2277
|accessdate=2023-04-29
}}</ref>
</blockquote>
== Hypovolemic shock ==