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→The emerging consensus on surrogate consent for non-therapeutic newborn, infant, and child circumcision
|DOI=
|accessdate=2023-05-26
}}</ref> The right to grant surrogate consent cannot exist in the absence of such a condition. The AAP Committee on Bioethics (2016) now states: "A parent’s authority is not absolute but constrained by respect for the child."<ref name="aviva2016">{{REFjournal
|last=Committee on Bioethics
|etal-no
|doi=10.1542/peds.2016-1484
|accessdate=2023-05-27
}}</ref>This may mean that the AAP now recognizes the child as a person with legal rights of his/her own.
Boys are born with a healthy [[foreskin]] that is free of disease. There are no medical indications for a neonatal [[circumcision]]. The [[medical trade association| medical trade associations]] and other promoters have put forward various alleged benefits from neonatal circumcision for decades to develop business for their physican-members.