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→American Academy of Pediatrics: Wikify.
==== American Academy of Pediatrics ====
The '''American Academy of Pediatrics''' (AAP) issued a brief statement within its 1971 hospital care manual. An ad hoc committee issued a longer statement in 1975. More information was contained in the 1978 hospital care manual. A supplement to the 1975 statement was issued in 1989 by a task force assembled for that purpose. This 1989 supplement recognized the [[pain ]] of neonatal circumcision for the first time. The 1989 statement reaffirmed the previous position that there is no medical indication for neonatal circumcision and reported new information on the role of the HPV virus in cervical cancer. The 1997 statement emphasized the elective nature of child circumcision. The Circumcision Reference Library has combined these statements into one file. The AAP statements dated prior to 1999 have been superseded by the 1999 policy statement. The 1999 policy statement has its own file.
* [https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap/ American Academy of Pediatrics (1971, 1975, 1977, 1989, 1997)]
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The AAP has also issued several other statements relevant to the consideration of male circumcision. The first is its statement on neonatal anesthesia which was issued in 1987. This statement anticipates the new AAP position that pain control is required for [[Pain| circumcision pain]].
* [https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/aap/ Neonatal Anesthesia (1987)]
The '''AAP''' statement on breastfeeding which was issued in 1997 is relevant because it recommends [[breastfeeding ]] as a preventive measure against [[urinary tract infection]]. Previously, the AAP recommended circumcision as a preventive measure against urinary tract infection. This is an important policy change.
* [http://www.aap.org/policy/re9729.html Breastfeeding and the Use of Human Milk (1997)]
Furthermore, the '''AAP''' statement on breastfeeding contains an implicit advice against circumcision: It states that "procedures that may interfere with breastfeeding or traumatize the infant should be avoided or minimized." Neonatal circumcision is the most common [[trauma| traumatic procedure ]] carried out on newborns.
The 1999 '''AAP''' Circumcision Policy Statement's position on the medical ethics of circumcision is inconsistent with major AAP Committee on Bioethics policy statements. The AAP completely revised its policy on informed consent in 1995 to bring their policy into conformity with the provisions of the [https://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/UN-convention/ UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989)]. The 1995 statement of the Committee on Bioethics says that parents may only grant permission for diagnosis and treatment. This would exclude consent for non-therapeutic neonatal circumcision which is neither diagnosis nor treatment. The statement also calls for the delay on non-essential procedures until the child is developmentally capable of granting consent.