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''Denial of loss'' is the first stage of grief.<refname="kr1969">{{REFbook

}}</ref> <ref name="cc2022">{{REFweb |url=https://health.clevelandclinic.org/5-stages-of-grief/ |title=The 5 Stages of Grief After a Loss |last= |first= |init= |publisher=Cleveland Clinic |date=2022-03-31 |accessdate=2023-07-29}}</ref> [[Circumcised]] men historically have protected their feelings by ''denying that they have lost anything''. Trivialization of the loss is a frequent defense mechanism. Another is the production of fantasies about the alleged horrors of [[smegma]], [[Pheromone| aroma]], and [[Acroposthion| appearance]].

Anger is the second stage of grief.<ref name="kr1969"/> <ref name="cc2022"/> Research done since the 1960's forward to the present day has elucidated the nature, functions, and purpose of the [[foreskin]]. Circumcised men are learning what they have lost from the Internet, so they are less able to maintain the ego defense of ''denial of loss'',<ref name="watson2017">{{REFjournal