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==== Results of psychic circumcision trauma ====

Results of psychic circumcision trauma include:

* [[Adamant father syndrome]]

* [[Psychological issues of male circumcision]]

== Ethics ==

Two ethicists, Myers & Earp (2020), have conducted a detailed review and analysis of the claimed medical benefits of non-therapeutic [[circumcision]]. They have determined that the alleged benefits are not material, so they do not support granting of consent by a surrogate. Moreover, they comment that even the most perfectly executed surgery produces trauma and harm to the patient. Circumcision also produces tissue loss and loss of function, therefore, circumcision should be performed only after the individual reaches the age of consent.<ref name="myers2020">{{REFjournal