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→Circumcision as prevention myth: Add text and citation; Wikify.
}}</ref> Boczko et al. (1979) wrote: ''"The diagnosis in our patient was made late, as in the other cases reported, perhaps because the disease was presumed not to occur in those [[circumcised]] in infancy. This is clearly not so. Although rare, the diagnosis must be considered when evaluating a penile lesion even in a circumcised individual."''
In 1993, Christopher Maden, {{PhD}}, et al. reported a study in which 110 men with penile cancer, diagnosed from January 1979, to July, 1990, were interviewed. Of these 110 men, 22 had been [[circumcised ]] at birth, 19 later in life, and 69 never.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Poland
|init=R
|volume=110
|pages=696-702
}}</ref>, it becomes clear that the assertion that [[circumcision]] eliminates the risk of penile cancer is categorically false, although some circumcision advocates continue to make this assertion.
Cold et al. (1997) reported a case of penile cancer in a 76-year-old white man."<ref name="cold1997">{{REFjournal
|last=Cold
|first=
|init=CJ
|author-link=
|last2=Storms
|first2=
|init2=MJ
|author2-link=
|last3=Van Howe
|first3=
|init3=RJ
|author3-link=Robert S. Van Howe
|etal=no
|title=Carcinoma in situ of the penis in a 76-year-old circumcised man.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=J Fam Pract
|location=
|date=1997-04
|season=
|volume=44
|issue=
|article=
|page=
|pages=407-10
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/disease/cancer/vanhowe/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=9108839
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|doi=
|accessdate=2023-09-05
}}</ref> The medical literature contains numerous additional case report of cancer in [[circumcised]] men.
it becomes clear that the assertion that [[circumcision]] eliminates the risk of penile cancer is categorically false, although some circumcision advocates continue to make this assertion.
=== Discussion ===
Advocates of [[circumcision ]] may yet point to the aforementioned studies and highlight that the incidence of penile cancer was still lower in the [[circumcised]] groups of men studied, than it was in the [[intact]] group, and that thus "a lowered risk of penile cancer is observed in circumcised men." It is important to remember when looking at the studies performed in the 1950s, that the octogenarians afflicted with penile cancer were born in the 1870s, when the circumcision rate in the United States was close to zero; the majority of men in that generation who were afflicted with cancer would be intact. The increased number of cases of penile cancer found in more recent studies is reflective of the steadily increasing circumcision rates in this country (37% of Maden's cases were circumcised). Using Maden's numbers and properly adjusting his control population to match the case population for age, there was no difference in risk of developing penile cancer between men who were circumcised and those who were not. HPV (the cause of genital warts) has been found in most cases of penile cancer. Genital warts are now more common in [[circumcised]] men <ref name="cook1994">{{REFjournal
|last=Cook
|init=LS
|volume=84
|pages=197-201
}}</ref><ref name="cook1993"/> and HPV lesions are equally common in [[circumcised]] and [[intact]] men.<ref name="Aynaud etal 1994"/> As the number of [[circumcised ]] men approaching the age at which penile cancer becomes evident (70s and 80s) it is quite likely that the vast majority of men developing penile cancer in the [[United States ]] will be [[circumcised]].
Reddy et al. (1975) examined the frequency of carcinoma of the penis from 32 hospitals in India and found a wide variation in incidence that could not be explained by the [[intact]] status of the Hindus or the [[circumcision ]] practices of the Muslims. <ref name="reddy1975">{{REFjournal
|last=Reddy
|init=CR