Changes

<BIG><b>Parents are advised that there are NO medical indications for circumcision of newborn boys. No disease is present. Circumcision of the newborn does not treat or prevent disease.</b></BIG>

According to Temple Health: "[[Informed consent]] is an ethical concept—that all patients should understand and agree to the potential consequences of their care—that has become codified in the law and in daily practice at every medical institution. One of the earliest legal precedents in this area was established in 1914 when a physician removed a tumor from the abdomen of a patient who had consented to only a diagnostic procedure ([https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cluster=17182600591789871337&hl=en&as_sdt=8000005&sciodt=8000006 Schloendorff vs. Society of New York Hospitals]). The judge in this case ruled that the physician was liable for battery because he violated an “individual’s fundamental right to decide what is being done with his or her body.” [Edwards 1998, Wescott 2005] The first case actually defining the elements of [[informed consent]] occurred in the late 1950s and involved a question of potential negligence and whether a patient was given sufficient information to make a decision."