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Created page with "{{Construction Site}} right|thumb|A circumcision device that uses string to cut off blood flow to the foreskin, amputating it The Plastibell Circumc..."
{{Construction Site}}
[[Image:Plastibell.jpg|right|thumb|A circumcision device that uses string to cut off blood flow to the foreskin, amputating it ]]
The Plastibell Circumcision Device is a clear plastic ring with a deep groove running circumferentially designed for circumcising infant males. It was invented by Hollister Inc in 1950, and first reported on in 1953.<ref name=Miller1953>
{{cite journal
|author=Miller RL, Snyder
| title = Immediate circumcision of the newborn male
| journal = Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
| volume = 65
| issue = 1
| pages = 1–11
| year = 1953
| month = January
| pmid = 13016660
| last2 = Snyder
| first2 = DC
}}
</ref><ref name=Kariher1956>
{{cite journal
|author = Kariher DH, Smith TW
|title = Immediate circumcision of the newborn
|journal = Obstet Gynecol
|volume = 7
|issue = 1
|pages = 50–3
|year = 1956
|month = January
|pmid = 13280246
}}
</ref> The device works bo providing a circumferencial surface upon which to tie off the foreskin.
==Advantages==
The glans is protected during the procedure by the ring. Hemostasis (control of bleeding) is effective due to the ligature tie. Cosmetically, a predictable result is obtained due to the straight line of the ligature that causes the wound. It is a quick procedure for the physician to perform—once mastered.
No bandage is required, allowing easy monitoring for infection.
Healing occurs while the edges of the prepuce are secured in the ring, making skin bridges (where the foreskin's end heals to the glans' corona) unlikely.
Cosmetically, there will be little to no circumcision scar, though as usual with any circumcision, there will be a color change where the (formerly) inner and outer layers of foreskin meet.
==Disadvantages==
The ring must fall off before final healing can occur. Rarely, the tip of the glans may protrude through the ring and become swollen, trapping the ring in place. Blood transfusion risk 1 in 30,000 procedures (Wiswell).
One study of 2000 Plastibell circumcisions found a complication rate of 1.8%.<ref>Izzidien Al-Samarrai A.Y., Mofti A. Crankson S. J The Use of Plastibell in Neonatal Circumcision. Review of 2000 cases. Surg. Gyne & Obst.167: 341-343, 1988{{vs|couldn't find|date=November 2012}}</ref>
The foreskin must be slit and forced from the glans to allow entry for the plastic dome.
Furthermore, because convalescence depends on a (temporarily) affixed medical device, risks of infection or hemorrhage due to the bell slipping or otherwise failing are greater<ref>{{cite news
| first = Mark
| last = Brennae
| title = Ontario boy dies after complications from circumcision
| url = http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=cb3b8281-4134-46ba-85d3-b076072bda75&k=25810
| work = The Vancouver Sun
| publisher = CanWest News Service
| date = June 13, 2007
| accessdate = 2008-07-16
}}</ref> than a [[Gomco clamp]] or similar entirely-supervised circumcision.
There are several reports in the literature of urinary retention after circumcision with the Plastibell device.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=12900483 |year=2003 |last1=Ly |first1=L |last2=Sankaran |first2=K |title=Acute venous stasis and swelling of the lower abdomen and extremities in an infant after circumcision |volume=169 |issue=3 |pages=216–7 |pmc=167126 |journal=CMAJ}}</ref> Death has been reported.<ref>[http://www.pulsus.com/Paeds/12_04/Pdf/zwol_ed.pdf Paediatrics & Child Health, Home<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VCAT/2010/1772.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=anaesthetic{{full|date=November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19030377 |year=2007 |author1=Paediatric Death Review Committee: Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario |title=Circumcision: A minor procedure? |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=311–2 |pmc=2528673 |journal=Paediatrics & child health}}</ref>
There also is a report of impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus when using the Plastibell.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=3763425 |year=1986 |last1=Stranko |first1=J |last2=Ryan |first2=ME |last3=Bowman |first3=AM |title=Impetigo in newborn infants associated with a plastic bell clamp circumcision |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=597–9 |journal=Pediatric infectious disease}}</ref>
There have been multiple cases of children developing necrotizing fasciitis in their penis after being circumcised using the Plastibell device.<ref name=pubmed9329429>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(97)80078-9 |title=Necrotizing fasciitis after Plastibell circumcision |year=1997 |last1=Bliss |first1=David P. |last2=Healey |first2=Patrick J. |last3=Waldhausen |first3=John H.T. |journal=The Journal of Pediatrics |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=459–62 |pmid=9329429}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=6444778 |year=1980 |last1=Woodside |first1=JR |title=Necrotizing fasciitis after neonatal circumcision |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=301–2 |journal=American journal of diseases of children}}</ref>
There have been cases of necrosis of the glans penis following circumcision with the Plastibell device.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.05.011 |title=Penile injuries from proximal migration of the Plastibell circumcision ring |year=2010 |last1=Bode |first1=C.O. |last2=Ikhisemojie |first2=S. |last3=Ademuyiwa |first3=A.O. |journal=Journal of Pediatric Urology |volume=6 |pages=23–7 |pmid=19570722 |issue=1}}</ref>
== "Non cutting"? ==
PlastiBell is often described to parents as a non-cutting method. However, a dorsal slit (cut) is often performed at the beginning of the installation to make it easier to install. Once installed, the PlastiBell cuts circulation to the foreskin, necrotizing the tissue, which will fall off in a few days (or it might be 'trimmed' after installing the PlastiBell). The result is the same: the amputation of a healthy foreskin.
[[Image:Plastibelldrwg.jpg]]
== External Links ==
[http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2012/08/the-dangers-of-plastibell-circumcisions-graphic.html The Dangers of PlastiBell Circumcisions - Graphic]
==<small>References</small>==
<div class='references-small'>
<references/>
</div>
[[Category:Circumcision Products]]
[[Category:Financial Gain]]
[[Category:CircLeaks]]
[[Category:Construction Site]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]
[[Image:Plastibell.jpg|right|thumb|A circumcision device that uses string to cut off blood flow to the foreskin, amputating it ]]
The Plastibell Circumcision Device is a clear plastic ring with a deep groove running circumferentially designed for circumcising infant males. It was invented by Hollister Inc in 1950, and first reported on in 1953.<ref name=Miller1953>
{{cite journal
|author=Miller RL, Snyder
| title = Immediate circumcision of the newborn male
| journal = Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
| volume = 65
| issue = 1
| pages = 1–11
| year = 1953
| month = January
| pmid = 13016660
| last2 = Snyder
| first2 = DC
}}
</ref><ref name=Kariher1956>
{{cite journal
|author = Kariher DH, Smith TW
|title = Immediate circumcision of the newborn
|journal = Obstet Gynecol
|volume = 7
|issue = 1
|pages = 50–3
|year = 1956
|month = January
|pmid = 13280246
}}
</ref> The device works bo providing a circumferencial surface upon which to tie off the foreskin.
==Advantages==
The glans is protected during the procedure by the ring. Hemostasis (control of bleeding) is effective due to the ligature tie. Cosmetically, a predictable result is obtained due to the straight line of the ligature that causes the wound. It is a quick procedure for the physician to perform—once mastered.
No bandage is required, allowing easy monitoring for infection.
Healing occurs while the edges of the prepuce are secured in the ring, making skin bridges (where the foreskin's end heals to the glans' corona) unlikely.
Cosmetically, there will be little to no circumcision scar, though as usual with any circumcision, there will be a color change where the (formerly) inner and outer layers of foreskin meet.
==Disadvantages==
The ring must fall off before final healing can occur. Rarely, the tip of the glans may protrude through the ring and become swollen, trapping the ring in place. Blood transfusion risk 1 in 30,000 procedures (Wiswell).
One study of 2000 Plastibell circumcisions found a complication rate of 1.8%.<ref>Izzidien Al-Samarrai A.Y., Mofti A. Crankson S. J The Use of Plastibell in Neonatal Circumcision. Review of 2000 cases. Surg. Gyne & Obst.167: 341-343, 1988{{vs|couldn't find|date=November 2012}}</ref>
The foreskin must be slit and forced from the glans to allow entry for the plastic dome.
Furthermore, because convalescence depends on a (temporarily) affixed medical device, risks of infection or hemorrhage due to the bell slipping or otherwise failing are greater<ref>{{cite news
| first = Mark
| last = Brennae
| title = Ontario boy dies after complications from circumcision
| url = http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/story.html?id=cb3b8281-4134-46ba-85d3-b076072bda75&k=25810
| work = The Vancouver Sun
| publisher = CanWest News Service
| date = June 13, 2007
| accessdate = 2008-07-16
}}</ref> than a [[Gomco clamp]] or similar entirely-supervised circumcision.
There are several reports in the literature of urinary retention after circumcision with the Plastibell device.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=12900483 |year=2003 |last1=Ly |first1=L |last2=Sankaran |first2=K |title=Acute venous stasis and swelling of the lower abdomen and extremities in an infant after circumcision |volume=169 |issue=3 |pages=216–7 |pmc=167126 |journal=CMAJ}}</ref> Death has been reported.<ref>[http://www.pulsus.com/Paeds/12_04/Pdf/zwol_ed.pdf Paediatrics & Child Health, Home<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>http://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VCAT/2010/1772.html?stem=0&synonyms=0&query=anaesthetic{{full|date=November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19030377 |year=2007 |author1=Paediatric Death Review Committee: Office of the Chief Coroner of Ontario |title=Circumcision: A minor procedure? |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=311–2 |pmc=2528673 |journal=Paediatrics & child health}}</ref>
There also is a report of impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus when using the Plastibell.<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=3763425 |year=1986 |last1=Stranko |first1=J |last2=Ryan |first2=ME |last3=Bowman |first3=AM |title=Impetigo in newborn infants associated with a plastic bell clamp circumcision |volume=5 |issue=5 |pages=597–9 |journal=Pediatric infectious disease}}</ref>
There have been multiple cases of children developing necrotizing fasciitis in their penis after being circumcised using the Plastibell device.<ref name=pubmed9329429>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(97)80078-9 |title=Necrotizing fasciitis after Plastibell circumcision |year=1997 |last1=Bliss |first1=David P. |last2=Healey |first2=Patrick J. |last3=Waldhausen |first3=John H.T. |journal=The Journal of Pediatrics |volume=131 |issue=3 |pages=459–62 |pmid=9329429}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=6444778 |year=1980 |last1=Woodside |first1=JR |title=Necrotizing fasciitis after neonatal circumcision |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=301–2 |journal=American journal of diseases of children}}</ref>
There have been cases of necrosis of the glans penis following circumcision with the Plastibell device.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.05.011 |title=Penile injuries from proximal migration of the Plastibell circumcision ring |year=2010 |last1=Bode |first1=C.O. |last2=Ikhisemojie |first2=S. |last3=Ademuyiwa |first3=A.O. |journal=Journal of Pediatric Urology |volume=6 |pages=23–7 |pmid=19570722 |issue=1}}</ref>
== "Non cutting"? ==
PlastiBell is often described to parents as a non-cutting method. However, a dorsal slit (cut) is often performed at the beginning of the installation to make it easier to install. Once installed, the PlastiBell cuts circulation to the foreskin, necrotizing the tissue, which will fall off in a few days (or it might be 'trimmed' after installing the PlastiBell). The result is the same: the amputation of a healthy foreskin.
[[Image:Plastibelldrwg.jpg]]
== External Links ==
[http://www.thewholenetwork.org/14/post/2012/08/the-dangers-of-plastibell-circumcisions-graphic.html The Dangers of PlastiBell Circumcisions - Graphic]
==<small>References</small>==
<div class='references-small'>
<references/>
</div>
[[Category:Circumcision Products]]
[[Category:Financial Gain]]
[[Category:CircLeaks]]
[[Category:Construction Site]]
[[Category:From IntactWiki]]