Changes

The [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School of Public Health funds the [[Rakai Project]].<ref> {{cite web REFwebQuote | quote=Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Health Research in Uganda | last= | first= | publisher= | year= | urltitle=Rakai Health Sciences Program | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ | title = Rakai Health Sciences Program | accessdate = 2011-05-02 | quote = Celebrating 20+ Years of Public Health Research in Uganda}}</ref> Johns Hopkins is part of the [[Health Communication Partnership]]<ref> {{cite web | url = http://hcpartnership.org/ | title = HCP: Inspiring Voices Collective Action | accessdate = 2011-06-20 REFwebQuote | quote = Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs in partnership with Academy for Educational Development, Save the Children, The International HIV/AIDS Alliance, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine | last= | first= | publisher= | year= | urltitle=HCP: Inspiring Voices Collective Action | url=http://hcpartnership.org/ | accessdate=2011-06-20}}</ref>, which is currently promoting circumcision in Uganda via mass media.<ref> {{cite news REFwebQuote | first quote= Irene The writer works with Health Communication Partnership | last = Mirembe | first=Irene | title publisher= Embrace male circumcision to reduce HIV New Vision - Uganda's Leading Website | date year= 2011-06-19 | urltitle=Embrace male circumcision to reduce HIV | url = http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/758020 | work = New Vision - Uganda's Leading Website | accessdate = 2011-06-20 | quote = The writer works with Health Communication Partnership }}</ref>

The [[Rakai Project|Rakai Health Sciences Program]] (RHSP) is a program that began in 1987 in Uguanda, Africa to investigate the then-mysterious HIV.<ref name="rakai-history"> {{cite web REFweb | last=Rakai Project | first= | year= | title=History of the Rakai Health Sciences Program | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/about/index.html | title = History of the Rakai Health Sciences Program | accessdate = 2011-05-02}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is headed by husband and wife team [[Ronald Gray]] and [[Maria Wawer]] (the Senior Principal Investigators),<ref> {{cite web REFweb | last=Rakai Project | first= | year= | title=Our People at Johns Hopkins University | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/our_people/jhu.html | title = Our People at Johns Hopkins University | accessdate = 2011-05-02}}</ref> who conduct biased research to look for justifications in rolling out mass circumcision programs around the world.<ref name="rakai-jhsph"> {{cite web REFweb | last=JohnsHopkinsSPH | first= | year=12/1/10 | title=Rakai Project | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k | title = Rakai Project | date = 12/1/10 | work = JohnsHopkinsSPH | publisher accessdate= Youtube}}</ref> The [[Rakai Project|RHSP]] is funded by the [[Johns Hopkins]] Bloomberg School for Public Health, the Uguanda Virus Research Institute, the [[National Institutes of Health]], and the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref> {{cite web REFweb | last=Rakai Project | first= | year= | title=Rakai Health Sciences Program | url = http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ | title = Rakai Health Sciences Program | accessdate = 2011-05-02}}</ref><ref> {{citation REFbook | last=Kong | first = Xiangrong | last year= Kong February 28, 2011 | contribution title= Longer-term Effects of Male Circumcision on HIV Incidence and Risk Behaviors during Post-trial Surveillance in Rakai, Uganda | url=http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm | title editor= 18th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections | edition= | place volume= Boston, Massachusetts | chapter= | pages = 36 | date location= February 28Boston, 2011Massachusetts | publisher= | id isbn= | contribution-url note= http://www.retroconference.org/2011/Abstracts/41239.htm | accessdate = 2011-05-02}} [http://circleaks.org/images/d/da/Acknowledgements.png Acknowledgements slide] [http://app2.capitalreach.com/esp1204/servlet/tc?c=10164&cn=retro&s=20445&&dp=player.jsp&e=13709&mediaType=podiumVideo Video of Presentation with Slides and Audio Download Link]</ref>

 {{Quote boxCitation |title Title= <small>Rakai Project Doctor Promotes Circumcision</small> |quote Text= It's been hard to change policy because it's a whole new paradigm. We've never used surgery to prevent an infectious disease. Policy makers had to take some time to really wrap their minds around it. |source Author= --Ronald Gray, | Source=''Rakai Project.'' YouTube| lang=| before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation=| ref=<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=07m29s JohnsHopkinsSPH. (2010). ''Rakai Project.'' YouTube.] |align = center |width = 50% |quoted = yes</ref>

In partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.<ref> {{cite book REFbook | last1 last= World Health Organization ; JHPIEGO | first= | last2 year= JHPIEGO 2010 | title = Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia. | publisher = WHO Document Production Services | year = 2010 | location = Geneva, Switzerland | url = http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500753_eng.pdf | editor= | edition= | volume= | chapter= | pages= | location=Geneva, Switzerland | publisher=WHO Document Production Services | isbn=9789241500753 | note= | accessdate = 2011-06-01 | isbn = 978 92 4 150075 3}}</ref> The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision on infants, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery.

At the Rakai clinic, a propaganda music video promoting circumcision plays continuously in the waiting room.<ref>{{cite webREFweb | last=JohnsHopkinsSPH | first= | year=12/1/10 | title=Rakai Project | url = http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mXFdXJaG8k#t=08m37s | title = Rakai Project | date = 12/1/10 | work = JohnsHopkinsSPH | publisher accessdate= Youtube}}</ref><ref>{{cite webREFweb | last=smugamba | first= | url year= http:6/10/www.youtube.com/watch?v=0rtEdNl322Q10 | title = Rakai male circumcision video by Stephen Mugamba feat Jemima Sanyu.mpg | date url= 6http://10www.youtube.com/10 | work watch?v= smugamba0rtEdNl322Q | publisher accessdate= Youtube}}</ref>

{{Quote boxCitation |title Title= <small>Chorus Lyrics</small> |quote Text= It's a global recommendation: from the World Health Organization: That men should be circumcised |source = <small></small> |align = center |width = 90% |quoted = yes

 {{Quote boxCitation |title Title= <small>Bridge/Outro Lyrics (female singer)</small> |quote Text= Circumcision has got many benefits. You'll become clean, clean, and cleaner... and when the men are circumcised, it reduces sexual infections in women. Circumcision is SO GOOD. Circumcision is SO SAFE. Men should be circumcised! |source = <small></small> |align = center |width = 90% |quoted = yes

Johns Hopkins did research which [<ref>http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)61967-8/abstract </ref> which showed] circumcision offered a protective benefit against HPV. This was later [debunked<ref>http://intactnews.org/node/119/1314979135/circumcision-does-not-prevent-hpv-infection-rct-data-039inflated039-study-finds debunked]</ref>.  

==External Links=={{LINKS}}*[http://www.jhsph.edu/rakai/ Rakai Health Sciences Program] home page at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health.*[http://www.jhu.edu/ Johns Hopkins University] home page at the John Hopkins University website.