Changes

In Boyle et al. (20022019), 1577 Filipino boys aged 11 to 16 years before and after circumcision (performed either with or without local anesthetic) were observed. Before the procedure, it was ensured that only boys who did not have [[PTSD]] (according to DSM-IV) were included in the study. After the procedure, 50% of the boys [[circumcised ]] with local anesthetic and 69% of the boys [[circumcised ]] ritually (without local anesthetic) were diagnosed with PTSD according to DSM-IV criteria.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Boyle |first=Gregory J. |init=GJ |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle |last2=Ramos |first2=Samuel |init2=S |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among Filipino boys subjected to non-therapeutic ritual or medical surgical procedures: A retrospective cohort study |trans-title= |language=English |journal=Annals of Medicine and Surgery |location= |date=2019 |volume=42 |issue= |pages=19-22 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2049080119300305 |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=31080593 |pubmedCID=6506608 |DOI=10.1016/j.amsu.2019.04.004 |accessdate=2023-12-30}}</ref>