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Flechsig https://en.intactiwiki.org/wiki/Canada (1872) observed that the myelin sheath is not yet formed in newborn babies,<ref>{{REFjournal
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}}</ref> The myelin acts as an insulator to allow the electrical impulses to travel through the nerves.<ref name="myelogenesis2024" />
|last=Flechsig
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}}</ref> So great was his reputation and influence that his views were accepted without question, even though empirical studies had not been carried out. Surgical operations were carried out on infants without pain medication.
==Flechsig views are questioned== It was not until the late twentieth a century that medical science started to question his views.Talbert et al. (1976) measured the rise in cortisol and cortisone in [[circumcised]] infants and found an increase in "stress".<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Talbert |first= |init=LM |author-link= |last2=Kraybill |first2= |init2=EN |author2-link= |last3=Potter |first3= |init3=HN |author3-link= |etal=no |title=Adrenal Cortical Response to Circumcision in the Neonate |trans-title= |language= |journal=Obstet Gynecol |date=1976 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=208-10 |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/pain/talbert/ |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=940653 |pubmedCID= |accessdate=2024-01-07}}</ref>
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