Changes

Nevertheless, some non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys will continue to be performed for religious reasons, ethnic reasons, and the[[Adamant father syndrome| emotional needs of parents]]. When a [[circumcision]] is to be performed, the standard of care requires that analgesia be provided to reduce the extreme level of pain and trauma.<ref name="poland1987"/><ref name="cps1996"/><ref name="lander1997"/><ref name="aap1999"/> (Total anesthesia cannot be used with infants.)The Australian Association of Paediatric Surgeons (AAPS) (1996) opposed the practice of infant circumcision, but recognized that it would be performed for religious, cultural, or family reasons, in which case, the non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] should be deferred for six months. The AAPS stated:<blockquote>In this event the procedure should be performed electively after six months of age. When performed, it should be carried out by a surgeon performing circumcisions on children on a regular basis with an anaesthetist using appropriate techniques. This would imply that the anaesthetist is fully trained in the art of paediatric anaesthesia, including the ability to perform caudal and penile regional or local anaesthesia. The operation should be carried out in a paediatrically orientated environment, designed to reduce the risk to the child and providing support to the parents or caregivers.<ref>{{REFdocument |title=Guidelines for Circumcision |url=https://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aaps/ |contribution= |last=Leditshke |first=JF |publisher=Australasian Association of Paediatric Surgeons |location=Herston, QLD, Australia |format= |date=1996-04 |accessdate=2024-01-22}}</ref></blockquote> The practice of non-therapeutic circumcision of boys has nearly died out in [[Australia]].