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The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIAID, FIC, NIHCD, NCI) funded the three major RCTs being used by the [[WHO]] to endorse circumcision as HIV prevention<ref name='DOC%252525252525252525252525252525202008'> {{cite web REFwebQuote | url quote= http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org | title = The Use .funding from the United States National Institutes of Male Circumcision Health to Prevent HIV Infection conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Africa. | accessdate last= 2011-03-05 | date first= 2008 | publisher = Doctors Opposing Circumcision | year=2008 | urltitle=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection | archiveurl url= http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html | archivedate accessdate= 2011-03-05 | quote = ...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Africa.}}</ref>. They continue to fund further "research" and promotion of circumcision as HIV prevention in Africa.

==Response from NIH== {{Quote boxCitation |title Title= When inquired about their involvement, an intactivist received this response |quote Text= This is in response to your email dated June 30, 2010, to Dr. Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), concerning clinical trial #NCT01115335l, “Feasibility, Acceptability, and Safety of Neonatal Male Circumcision in Lusaka, Zambia,” and the premise upon which it was designed. That is, that circumcision prevents the transmission of HIV infection. Your email has been forwarded to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the NIH component with primary responsibility for research on HIV/AIDS.

'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases<br>' |source Author= |align Source= center |width lang= 75% |quoted before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= yes

==NICHD funded studies==

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) is presently funding a five-year (2009-2013), $465,108 'study' entitled "HIV PREVALENCE, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, AND ATTITUDES TOWARD CIRCUMCISION AMONG COLOMBIA" (sic) with the stated aim of investigating "individual, social, and structural influences on HIV risk and serostatus among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Bogota, Colombia...Moreover, it will evaluate the protection against HIV afforded by circumcision among MSM in Colombia"<ref> {{cite web | url = [http://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?icde=0&aid=7495232 | title = Project Information 1R01HD057785-01A1 | accessdate = 2011-12-07}}]</ref>.

On the 10 June 2011, the OIG published its results from an audit of a contract between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the University of California at San Francisco, which read in part:<ref>{{REFweb | last= | first=Office | year=June 2011 | title=Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract N01-AI-15416 With the University of Inspector General California at San Francisco Audit (OIGA-03-10-03120) investigations of NIAID commercial partnerships | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003120.pdf | accessdate=2011-06-25}}</ref>

On the 10 June 2011, the OIG published it's results from an audit of a contract between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the University of California at San Francisco, which read in part:<ref> {{cite web | url = http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003120.pdf | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract N01-AI-15416 With the University of California at San Francisco Audit (A-03-10-03120) | accessdate = 2011-06-25 Citation| date Title= June 2011}}</ref> {{Quote box |quote Text=NIAID initially funded only $35.3 million of the $134.8 million Contract obligation with fiscal year 2001 appropriations. NIAID obligated a total of $99.5 million in violation of the bona fide needs rule: $19.5 million of fiscal year 2002 appropriated funds, $22.4 million of fiscal year 2003 appropriated funds, $23.4 million of fiscal year 2004 appropriated funds, $22.7 million of fiscal year 2005 appropriated funds, and $11.5 million of fiscal year 2006 appropriated funds. In addition, when it awarded a fiscal year 2007 Contract modification for nonseverable services, NIAID initially funded only $40.3 million of the $220.5 million contract obligation with fiscal year 2007 appropriations. Because the Contract was a nonseverable service contract, which represents a single undertaking and provides for a single outcome, NIAID was required to record the full amount of the Contract using fiscal year 2001 or fiscal year 2007 appropriated funds. By not doing so, NIAID potentially violated the Antideficiency Act. NIAID complied with the purpose requirements of appropriations statutes.

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On the 21 September 2011, the OIG published it's results from two separate audits of NIAID contracts with Avecia Biologics Limited and NexBio, Inc. The reports read in part:<ref> {{cite web REFweb | url last= | first= | year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003117.pdf September 2011 | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract N01-AI-3-0052 With Avecia Biologics Limited | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003117.pdf | accessdate = 2011-10-09 | date = September 2011}}</ref><ref> {{cite web REFweb | last= | first= | url year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003119.pdf September 2011 | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract HHSN266-2006-00015C With NexBio, Inc. | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003119.pdf | accessdate = 2011-10-09 | date = September 2011}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=Our review found that during fiscal years 2003 through 2009, NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) did not comply with the time and amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes in administering contract N01-AI-3-0052 (the Contract) with Avecia Biologics Limited.

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{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=Our review found that during fiscal years 2006 through 2009, NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) did not comply with the time requirements and may not have complied with the amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes in administering contract HHSN266-2006-00015C (the Contract) with NexBio, Inc.

NIH concurred with the findings that the Contract is nonseverable and that it should have been funded at the time the Contract was awarded. NIH said that the Department of Health and Human Services would report the violation as required. NIH did not address our recommendations to correct the improper funding for the first 4 years of the Contract. |source Author= |align Source= center |width lang= 75% |quoted before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= yes

On the 31 October 2011, the OIG published it's results from an audit of a contract between NIAID and the EMMES Corporation, which read in part:<ref> {{cite web REFweb | url last= | first= | year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003115.pdf October 2011 | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract HHSN272-2008-00013C with the EMMES Corporation (A-03-10-03115) | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003115.pdf | accessdate = 2011-09-11 | date = October 2011}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=NIAID violated both the bona fide needs rule and the Antideficiency Act by obligating funds in advance of an appropriation. The initial contract action obligated fiscal year 2008 funds for a period of approximately 14 months (March 1, 2008, through April 30, 2009). Subsequent modifications obligated fiscal year 2008 and 2009 funds through May 31, 2011. Because the Contract was for severable services, NIAID should have obligated only those fiscal year 2008 funds needed for program year 1 and only those fiscal year 2009 funds needed for program year 2.

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On the 14 September 2012, the OIG published it's results from two separate audits of NIAID contracts with PPD Development, LP. The reports read in part:<ref> {{cite web REFweb | url last= | first= | year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003118.pdf September 2012 | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract HHSN266-2005-00022C With PPD Development, LP (Audit A-03-10-03118) | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003118.pdf | accessdate = 2012-09-26 | date = September 2012}}</ref><ref> {{cite web REFweb | last= | first= | url year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003116.pdf September 2012 | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Contract N01-AI-30068 With PPD Development, LP (Audit A-03-10-03116) | url= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003116.pdf | accessdate = 2011-09-26 | date = September 2012}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=During fiscal years 2005 through 2008, NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) did not comply with the time and amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes in administering contract HHSN266-2005-00022C (the Contract) with PPD Development, LP. An agency may obligate appropriations for goods and services when (1) the purpose of the obligation or expenditure is authorized, (2) the obligation occurs within the time limits for which the appropriation is available, and (3) the obligation and expenditure are within the amounts provided by Congress. Federal statutes specify that a fiscal year appropriation may be obligated only to meet a legitimate, or bona fide, need arising in or continuing to exist in the appropriation's period of availability. The Antideficiency Act prohibits an agency from obligating or expending funds in advance of or in excess of an appropriation unless specifically authorized by law.

NIH concurred with the findings and agreed that the Contract is severable and should have been funded with the appropriation that was current when the services were performed. HHS reported the Antideficiency Act violation as required by 31 U.S.C. § 1351. However, NIH did not concur with our recommendations to correct the improper funding for the Contract. NIH stated that the Contract had expired and was being closed. |source Author= |align Source= center |width lang= 75% |quoted before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= yes

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=During fiscal years 2003 through 2008, NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) did not comply with the time and amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes in administering contract N01-AI-30068 (the Contract) with PPD Development, LP. An agency may obligate appropriations for goods and services when (1) the purpose of the obligation or expenditure is authorized, (2) the obligation occurs within the time limits for which the appropriation is available, and (3) the obligation and expenditure are within the amounts provided by Congress. Federal statutes specify that a fiscal year appropriation may be obligated only to meet a legitimate, or bona fide, need arising in or continuing to exist in the appropriation's period of availability. The Antideficiency Act prohibits an agency from obligating or expending funds in advance of or in excess of an appropriation unless specifically authorized by law.

NIH concurred with the findings and agreed that the Contract is severable and should have been funded with the appropriation that was current when the services were performed. HHS reported the Antideficiency Act violation as required by 31 U.S.C. § 1351. However, NIH did not concur with our recommendations to correct the improper funding for the Contract. NIH stated that the Contract had expired and was being closed. |source Author= |align Source= center |width lang= 75% |quoted before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= yes

==Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigations of NICHD commercial partnerships==

On the 17 October 2011, the OIG published it's results from an audit of a contract between the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Westat, Inc., which read in part:<ref> {{cite web REFweb | url last= | first= | year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003106.pdf October 2011 | title = Appropriations Funding for Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Contract HHSN275-03-3345 With Westat, Inc. Audit (A-03-10-03106) | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003106.pdf | accessdate = 2011-11-20 | date = October 2011}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=Our review found that during fiscal years 2003 through 2007, NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) did not comply with the time and amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes in administering contract HHSN275-03-3345 (the Contract) with Westat, Inc. (Westat). An agency may obligate appropriations for goods and services when (1) the purpose of the obligation or expenditure is authorized, (2) the obligation occurs within the time limits for which the appropriation is available, and (3) the obligation and expenditure are within the amounts provided by Congress. Federal statutes specify that a fiscal year appropriation may be obligated only to meet a legitimate, or bona fide, need arising in or continuing to exist in the appropriation's period of availability. The Antideficiency Act prohibits an agency from obligating or expending funds in advance of or in excess of an appropriation unless specifically authorized by law.

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Background information:<ref> {{cite web REFweb | url last= | first= | year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003106.pdf October 2011 | title = Appropriations Funding for Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Contract HHSN275-03-3345 With Westat, Inc. Audit (A-03-10-03106) | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003106.pdf | accessdate = 2011-11-20 | date = October 2011}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation| Title=|quote Text=On November 1, 2002, NICHD awarded contract HHSN275-03-3345 (the Contract), totaling $164.7 million, to Westat, Inc. (Westat), in Rockville, Maryland. The Contract required Westat to establish an international pediatric and perinatal HIV studies network-coordinating center to maintain, coordinate, and manage a network of clinical centers. These clinical centers, under subcontracts with Westat, conducted research on the treatment, prevention, diagnosis, epidemiology, and natural history of HIV infection and disease in pediatric, adolescent, and maternal patient populations.|source Author=| Source=| lang= |align before=| after= center |width Transcription= 75% |quoted Translation= yes

On the 26 October 2011, the OIG published it's results from an audit of a contract between the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and Charles River Laboratories, Inc., which read in part:<ref> {{cite web REFweb | url last= | first= | year= http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003104.pdf October 2011 | title = Appropriations Funding for National Institute on Drug Abuse Contract HHSN271-2007-00009C with Charles River Laboratories, Inc. (A-03-10-03104) | url=http://oig.hhs.gov/oas/reports/region3/31003104.pdf | accessdate = 2011-11-22 | date = October 2011}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=Our review found that during fiscal years 2007 through 2009, NIH's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) did not comply with the time and amount requirements specified in appropriations statutes in administering contract HHSN271-2007-00009C (the Contract) with Charles River Laboratories, Inc.

[...]

NIH did not address our recommendations to correct the improper funding for the first 3 program years of the Contract. Until NIH makes these adjustments, HHS cannot report the correct amount of its Antideficiency Act violation. Therefore, we continue to recommend that NIH record the correct Contract obligations and expenditures against the correct fiscal year funds. |source Author= |align Source= center |width lang= 75% |quoted before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= yes

==Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigation of the NIH's administration of the CTSA program==

On the 20 December 2011, the OIG published a report critical of the NIH's administration of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program.<ref> {{cite web REFweb | last= | first= | year=December 2011 | title=NIH Administration of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program (Report OEI-07-09-00300) | url = http://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-07-09-00300.pdf | title = NIH Administration of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program (Report OEI-07-09-00300) | accessdate = 2011-12-22 | date = December 2011}}</ref> The report read in part:

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=For all 38 Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) cooperative agreements awarded from 2006 through 2008, CTSA program staff did not document awardees' progress in compliance with NIH policy.

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==Weird Science== "NIH video reveals the science behind yoga"<ref>{{cite web REFweb | last=NIH | first= | year=August 2012 | title=NIH video reveals the science behind yoga | url = http://www.nih.gov/news/health/aug2012/nccam-01.htm | title = NIH video reveals the science behind yoga | accessdate = 2012-08-02 | date = August 2012}}</ref>

{{Quote box Citation|quote Title=| Text=A video featuring research on how yoga works, the safety of yoga and whether yoga can help treat certain health problems is being released by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

This is the second installment in NCCAM's The Science of Mind and Body Therapies video series. The first video, Tai Chi and Qi Gong for Health and Well-Being, was released in September 2010. |source Author= |align Source= center |width lang= 75% |quoted before=| after=| Transcription=| Translation= yes

==Continuing advocating for more circumcision==From a National HIV Vaccine Awareness Day statement dated 18 May 2011 by Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director of NIAID (emphasis added):<ref>{{REFweb | last=Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health | first= | year=May 2011 | title=National HIV Vaccine Awareness Day May 18, 2011 Statement | url=http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2011/Pages/HVAD2011.aspx?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+aidsgovnews+%28AIDS.gov+News+and+Events%29 | accessdate=2011-06-25}}</ref>

From a National HIV Vaccine Awareness Day statement dated 18 May 2011 by Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., Director of NIAID (emphasis added):<ref> {{cite web Citation| url = http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2011/Pages/HVAD2011.aspx?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaignTitle=Feed%3A+aidsgovnews+%28AIDS.gov+News+and+Events%29 | title Text= National To speed the pace at which promising HIV Vaccine Awareness Day May 18vaccine candidates become viable for evaluation in large clinical trials, 2011 Statement NIAID is exploring the use of Anthony Sinnovative or adaptive clinical trial designs that let scientists quickly modify ongoing trials in response to data acquired during the study. Fauci, MSuch flexibility in trial design will allow the research community to maximize efficiencies in studying vaccine candidates.D. Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health | accessdate = 2011-06-25 | date = May 2011}}</ref>

{{Quote box |quote =To speed the pace at which promising HIV vaccine candidates become viable for evaluation in large clinical trials, NIAID is exploring the use of innovative or adaptive clinical trial designs that let scientists quickly modify ongoing trials in response to data acquired during the study. Such flexibility in trial design will allow the research community to maximize efficiencies in studying vaccine candidates. [...]

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