Changes

==History==

The French-speaking people of Quebec and elsewhere generally do not favour circumcision. Male circumcision is not part of the native culture of indigenous Inuit, First Nations, and Métis populations (4.3% of the population). The Canadian Government established Residential Schools from about 1880 to assimilate the indigneous people into Euro-Canadian culture.<ref name="residential2021">{{REFweb

|title=Residential Schools in Canada

}}</ref>

</blockquote>

== Research into pain of circumcision ==

Canada has been the the location of important research regarding the [[pain]] of circumcision.

With no anaesthesia, the infants screamed continuously. Newborns in the untreated placebo group exhibited homogeneous responses that consisted of sustained elevation of heart rate and high pitched cry throughout the [[circumcision]] and following. Two newborns in the placebo group became ill following circumcision (choking and apnea). One experienced projectile vomiting.<ref name="lander1997" />

=== College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (CPSBC) ===

The [https://www.cpsbc.ca/ College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia] has issued three guidances for its members regarding non-therapeutic male circumcision of children. The most recent (2009) says in part:

=== Canadian Urological Association (CUA) ===

The [[Canadian Urological Association]] (CUA) considered the matter of circumcision and issued a statement in February 2018. The CUA concluded:

==Non-availability of third-party payment==

Canada has fourteen single-payer health insurance plans (HIPs) — one for each of the ten provinces and three territories and a 14th plan for government employees. The British Columbia HIP stopped paying for non-therapeutic [[circumcision]] in 1984. Ontario HIP stopped payment for non-therapeutic circumcision in July 1995; Saskatchewan stopped in 1996. One by one, all other HIPs have stopped paying for non-therapeutic circumcision. In 2006, Manitoba HIP was the last to stop, but only after the wrong boy was [[circumcised]] at [http://www.sbgh.mb.ca/ St. Boniface Hospital].<ref>{{REFnews

|title=Circumcision mix-up

|DOI=

|accessdate=2019-11-10

With the decline in the incidence of [[circumcision]] in Canada that started decades ago, there are fewer and fewer [[circumcised]] fathers, so one would expect the incidence of circumcision in Canada to continue to decline.

===Canadian Medical Association Code of Ethics and Professionalism===

The CMA code has two statements relevant to the non-therapeutic circumcision of male infants:

* Never participate in or support practices that violate basic [[human rights]].

* Never participate in or condone the practice of torture or any form of cruel, inhuman, or degrading procedure.<ref name="cma2018">{{REFdocument

|accessdate=2021-07-08

}}</ref>

It therefore appears that non-therapeutic circumcision of boys is unethical in Canada.

===Lawsuit===

|quote=

}}</ref>

===Third-party payment is not available===

===The incidence of circumcision varies widely by region===

Saskatchewan had an incidence of circumcision in 2000 and 2001 of 27.6 percent. The Saskatchewan College of Physicians and Surgeons said in 2002 that was much too high and should be reduced substantially. The Registrar, Dr. Dennis Kimble, said, "they [doctors] aren't required to carry out a procedure simply because parents want it done."<ref>{{REFnews

|title=Sask. college wants circumcision rates reduced

|quote=

}}</ref>

===The most recent survey was done in 2006-7===

</blockquote>

|url=https://momlovesbest.com/choosing-circumcision

|title=Circumcision: Pros and Cons

{{Citation

|Text=Our survey findings indicate that most physicians performing neonatal circumcisions in our community have received informal and unstructured training. This lack of formal instruction may explain the complications and unsatisfactory results witnessed in our pediatric urology practice. Many practitioners are not aware of the contraindications to neonatal circumcision and most non-surgeons perform the procedure without being able to handle common post-surgical complications.

|last=De Maria

|first=

|quote=

}}</ref> The CBC reported:

<blockquote>

Among the complications, two boys were rushed to hospital with potentially life-threatening bleeds, one after a portion of his penis was amputated and the other with arterial bleeding.

The circumcisions performed by Dr. Ahmad were performed for cultural reasons, not medical reasons, so they were not insured by Manitoba Health. The CBC reported:

<blockquote>

Along with malpractice, the college found Ahmad displayed several "multi-dimensional" professional shortcomings.

==Video==

[[Christopher Guest]], {{MD}}, {{FRCPC}}, of Barrie, {{CAPTC|ON}}, discusses circumcision in Canada:

<youtube>7-vbutOy4X8</youtube>

A news report on circumcision in Canada.

<youtube>Yf06OSHcZc8</youtube>

{{SEEALSO}}

* [[Canadian Children's Rights Council]]