Changes

In July 2012, the WHO published a study<ref>[http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ Male circumcision for HIV prevention]</ref> (just in time for the just then started [[Circumcision Debate]] in Germany) which recommended to perform [[circumcision]]s as a prevention against [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]. This study supposedly promises a 60% protection against [[AIDS]]. [[Circumcision]] proponents use this study<ref>{{REFweb |url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/fact_sheet/en |title=Voluntary medical male circumcision for HIV prevention |date=2012-07 |accessdate=2020-09-04}}</ref> for justifying even [[circumcision]]s on male toddlers and infants in Germany, Europe and Northern America. But the study only referred to Africa (Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa) and only to adults. In fact, the study is scientifically vulnerable and has since been sharply criticized by experts. == Guideline Development Group (GDG) ==In May 2018, the WHO announced to develop new guidelines on male circumcision, focusing on doing even more male circumcisions as a [[HIV]]/AIS prevention action.<ref>{{REFweb |url=https://www.who.int/hiv/mediacentre/news/gdg-male-circumcision/en/ |title=WHO to develop new guidelines on male circumcision |date=2018-05 |accessdate=2020-03-26}}</ref> They named the following GDG members:* [[Catherine Brogan|Brogan, Catherine]]* [[Jotamo José Come|Come, Jotamo José]]* [[Moses Galukande|Galukande, Moses]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Susan S.J. Goldstein|Goldstein, Susan S.J.]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Timothy B. Hargreave|Hargreave, Timothy B.]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Afua A.J. Hesse|Hesse, Afua A.J.]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Constant Karma|Karma, Constant]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Godfrey Kigozi|Kigozi, Godfrey]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Steve C. Kumvenji|Kumvenji, Steve C.]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Michael Maier|Maier, Michael]]* [[Gustav Moyo|Moyo, Gustav]]* [[Nelly R. Mugo|Mugo, Nelly R.]]* [[Mable M. Mweemba|Mweemba, Mable M.]]* [[Ayanda Nqeketo|Nqeketo, Ayanda]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Onkemetse Conrad Ntsuape|Ntsuape, Onkemetse Conrad]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Elijah Odoyo-June|Odoyo-June, Elijah]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Stuart M. Rennie|Rennie, Stuart M.]]* [[Christopher Samkange|Samkange, Christopher]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Jerome Amir Singh|Singh, Jerome Amir]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Harsha Thirumurthy|Thirumurthy, Harsha]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Lynn M. Van Lith|Van Lith, Lynn M.]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Helen Weiss|Weiss, Helen A.]] -- [[bias]]ed* [[Sinokuthemba Xaba|Xaba, Sinokuthemba]] -- [[bias]]ed At least 16 members of the GDG are biased in favor of circumcision, while only 7 members have unclear points of view. Chances are that they are also strongly involved in this topic and take a position in favor of circumcision. The WHO will certainly have deliberately selected and named these experts on circumcision. One can therefore accuse the WHO of bias on this topic. The [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus| Director-General]] has so far failed to address the issue of [[bias]] in the CDG.  ----  ''The following sections are from [[IntactWiki]]:'' The World Health Organization (2011) endorses male circumcision as an [[HIV ]] prevention method based on the three RCTs in Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.<ref>{{REFweb | last= | first= | yeardate=2011 | title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention | url=http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ | publisher=World Health Organization | accessdate=2011-05-06

| Title=WHO Endorses Circumcision as HIV Prevention | Text=...male circumcision should be considered an efficacious intervention for [[HIV ]] prevention in countries and regions with heterosexual epidemics, high [[HIV ]] and low male circumcision prevalence. | Author= | Source=[[WHO|World Health Organization]] | langref=| before<ref name="WHO2011">{{REFweb | afterurl=| Transcription=| Translation=| ref=<ref>[http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/ |publisher=World Health Organization. '' |title=Male circumcision for HIV prevention.'' ( |date=2011)]}}</ref>

On their [http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/enwebsite<ref name="WHO2011"/ website]>, they acknowledge that, even if the latest "studies" were correct, "[m]ale circumcision provides only partial protection," and that it should be part of a "comprehensive [[HIV ]] prevention package" that includes [[HIV ]] testing and counseling services, treatment for STD infections, the promotion of safer sex practices and the provision of condoms and the promotion of their correct and consistent use.

''Note: {{NOTE}} Even if the recent trials were accurate (and their credibility is highly questionable), circumcision could only reduce the relative risk of acquiring [[HIV ]] between circumcised and [[uncircumcised ]] men by 60% over a period of about one year. <ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{BoyleGJ HillG 2011}}</ref> Condoms have an absolute reduction risk of acquiring [[HIV ]] that's over 95% (closer to 100% when used properly), making circumcision a moot point.''

== Chief Expert expert on Circumcision infant circumcision ==

[[David R. Tomlinson]] (2008) is the inventor of the [[AccuCirc]] devicefor infant circumcision.<ref>{{REFnews | last=Katz | first=Paula S. | coauthors= | url=http://todayshospitalist.com/index.php?b=articles_read&cnt=647 | title=Night work without burnout | date=2008-09 | publisher=Today's Hospitalist | quote=...an invention: a circumcision tool to help prevent HIV that has recently been cleared by the FDA. | accessdate=2011-09-26}}</ref> He also ''just so happens to be'' the "chief expert wrote a manual on infant circumcision" at (2011) for the World Health Organization.<ref>{{REFnews | last=Hennessy-Fiske | first=Molly | coauthors= | url=http://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-circumcision-20110926,0,4367816.story | title=Injuries linked to circumcision clamps | date=2011-09-26 | publisher=Los Angeles Times | quote=Dr. David Tomlinson, who teaches family medicine at {{UNI|Brown University |Brown}} in Providence, R.I.{{USSC|RI}}, and serves as wrote a manual on infant circumcision for the World Health Organization's chief expert on circumcision. | accessdate=2011-09-25

The Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), together with the WHO Department of [[HIV]]/[[AIDS ]] and the Joint United Nations Programme on [[HIV]]/[[AIDS ]] ([[UNAIDS]]), launched a number of new initiatives in 2006–2007.<ref name="for control">{{REFweb | last= | first= | yeardate=2011 | title=Male circumcision for HIV control | url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/rtis/male_circumcision/en/ | publisher=World Health Organization | accessdate=2011-05-06

In Infant boys are born with a healthy penis and foreskin. Treatment is not required. Infant boys do not engage in sexual intercourse so they cannot contract [[HIV]] infection by sexual intercourse. Infant boys cannot grant consent for this irreversible body altering surgery which violate several significant United Nations [[human rights]] instruments. Nevertheless, in partnership with other WHO departments, UNAIDS, and the Johns Hopkins Program for International Education in Gynecology and Obstetrics (JHPIEGO), the Department of Reproductive Health and Research (RHR) has developed a Manual for male infant circumcision under local anaesthesia.<ref>{{REFbook | last=[[World Health Organization; JHPIEGO]] | firstlast2=JHPIEGO | year=2010 | title=Manual for early infant male circumcision under local anaesthesia | url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241500753_eng.pdf | editor= | edition= | volume= | chapter= | pages= | location=Geneva, Switzerland | publisher=WHO Document Production Services | isbn=9789241500753 | note= | accessdate=2011-06-01}}</ref><ref name="for control"/> JHPIEGO addresses ''female'' gynecological health and is out of its field in addressing ''male'' health. The manual is intended for use by clinical officers, who can be trained to perform uncomplicated circumcision, and to refer more complex cases. The manual is expected to be published in 2011. The manual itself is supported by training guides and a certification framework, to facilitate the upgrading of skills of officers who are not otherwise authorized to perform surgery. As justification for circumcision, the Manual alleges that circumcision would reduce the incidence of [[urinary tract infection]] (UTI) in the first six months of life, however this is not a valid justification because UTI, if it should occur, is easily treated medically instead of with body-altering surgery.<ref name="McCracken 1989">{{REFjournal |last=McCracken |init=GH |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/mccracken/ |title=Options in antimicrobial management of urinary tract infections in infants and children |journal=Pediatr Infect Dis J |volume=8 |issue=8 |date=1989-08 |pages=552-5}}</ref> Moreover, the foreskin protects the penis from infection, so the [[amputation]] of the [[foreskin]] makes UTI more likely. In infant boys, UTIs originate from the external environment, strongly suggesting that these infections are iatrogenically caused.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Maskell |init=R |etal=yes |title=Urinary Pathogens in the Male |journal=British Journal of Urology |date=1975 |volume=47}}</ref> Two interventions that put the male infant at immediate risk for UTIs are [[circumcision]], and [[forced retraction]] of the foreskin. These interventions tear away the synechia which binds the foreskin to the glans in male infants, thereby creating entry points for ''E. coli'' bacteria,<ref name="Winberg 1989">{{REFjournal |last=Winberg |init=J |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/winberg-bollgren/ |title=The Prepuce: A Mistake of Nature? |journal=Lancet |date=1989 |pages=598-9}}</ref> which binds to the glans penis of the infant.<ref name="Cunningham 1986">{{REFjournal |last=Cunningham |init=N |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cunningham/ |title=Circumcision and urinary tract infections (letter) |journal=Pediatrics |date=1986 |volume=77 |issue=2 |page=267}}</ref> Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a complication of circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Smith |init=RM |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/smith1916/ |title=Recent contributions to the study of pyelitis in infancy |journal=Am J Dis Child |date=1916 |volume=XII |pages=235-43}}</ref><ref name="Cohen 1992">{{REFjournal |last=Cohen |init=H |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/cohen/ |title=Postcircumcision Urinary Tract Infection |journal=Clinical Pediatrics |date=1992 |pages=322-4}}</ref><ref name="Goldman 1996">{{REFjournal |last=Goldman |init=M |last2=Barr |init2=J |last3=Bistritzer |init3=T |last4=Aladjem |init4=M |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/goldman/ |title=Urinary tract infection following ritual jewish circumcision |journal=Israel Journal of Medical Sciences |date=1996 |volume=32 |issue=11 |pages=1098-102}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Prais |init=D |last2=Shoov-Furman |init2=R |last3=Amir |init3=J |title=Is circumcision a risk factor for neonatal urinary tract infections? |journal=Arch Dis Child |date=2008-10-06 |DOI=10.1136/adc.2008.144063 |url=http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/adc.2008.144063v1}}</ref> The [[VMMC Experience Project]] (2019) has published a massive, illustrated, 153-page report on VMMC in Africa for the United Nations.<ref name="fish2019">{{REFdocument |title=Circumcision Campaigns: African experience and human rights: The U.N. Report |trans-title= |language= |url=https://www.vmmcproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/VMMC-UN-Report.pdf |archived= |contribution= |quote= |trans-quote= |quote-lang= |last=Fish |first=Max |author-link=Max Fish |publisher=VMMC Experience Project |location= |format=PDF |date=2019-05-07 |accessdate=2021-05-15}}</ref> In a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, {{MD}}, (2020) the head of the United States [[PEPFAR]] program, [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] called circumcision ineffective and called for [[PEPFAR]] to abandon the WHO VMMC program and redirect its funds to anti-retroviral therapy and the provision of condomʂ<ref>{{REFdocument |title=World Health Organization, HIV, and male circumcision |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/2020-06-15b_LettertoPEPFAR.pdf |contribution= |last=Denniston |first=George C. |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |format= |date=2020-06-29 |accessdate=2020-09-04}}</ref>  Promotion of infant circumcision by publishing a manual has the effect of increasing demand for circumcision devices such as those manufactured by [[David R. Tomlinson]].

{{LINKS}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/for-professionals/alleged-medical-benefits/hivaids/ |archived= |title=HIV/AIDS |publisher=[[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)]] |date=2020 |accessdate=2020-07-16}}* {{REFweb |url=https://dailycaller.com/2016/05/31/fraud-corruption-harassment-charges-rise-inside-world-health-organization/ |title=Fraud, Corruption, Harassment Charges Rise Inside World Health Organization |last=Johnson |first=Drew |init= |publisher=Daily Caller |date=2016-12-31 |accessdate=2022-12-26}}* {{REFweb |url=https://www.nationalreview.com/2017/06/world-health-organization-corrupt-wasteful/ |title=Stop Funding WHO Until It Cleans Up Its Act |last=Stier |first=Jeff |init=CircWatch |publisher=National Review |date=2017-06-14[http |accessdate=2022-12-26}}*{{REFweb |url=https://circwatchbrownstone.org/tagarticles/the-corruption-of-the-world-health-organization/ |title=The Corruption of the World Health Organization |last=Bell |first=David |init= |publisher=Brownstone Institute |date=2022-05-27 |accessdate=2022-12-26}}*{{REFweb |url=https://nworeport.me/2022/08/02/the-corruption-of-the-world-health-organization-who/ Post about |title=The Corruption of the World Health Organization on CircWatch](WHO) |last=Toplansky |first=Eileen F. |init= |publisher=NWO Report |date=2022-08-02 |accessdate=2022-12-26}}

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