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}}</ref> An infant circumcision neither diagnoses nor treats disease because no disease exists, so a surrogate consent for infant circumcision may be invalid.
== Historical background ==
Blackstone stated in his Commentaries on the Laws of England:
<blockquote>
I. The right of personal security consists in a person's legal and uninterrupted enjoyment of his life, his limbs, his body, his health, and his reputation.<ref>William Blackstone. [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/30802/30802-h/30802-h.htm#Chapter_the_first Commentaries on the Laws of England, Book One, Chapter One].</ref>
</blockquote>
The United States Supreme Court (1891) stated the common law of the [[United States]] when it ruled:
<blockquote>