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}}</ref> Roizen & Öz make no mention of the extreme [[pain]], the physical and psychic [[trauma]], the possible [[risks_and_complications]] of surgery, the violation of [[human rights]] of the child, or the medical ethics of amputating a normal, healthy body part from a fellow human being without consent of the patient. Goldman (2004) argued that there is much inappropriate [[bias]] in favor of child [[circumcision]] among American health care professionals.<ref>{{REFjournal