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,→Attempts to link lack of circumcision to HIV infection: Add text and citation.
|accessdate=2021-11-24
}}</ref>
PEPFAR (2025) has scrapped its ineffective and harmful "voluntary male medical circumcision" (VMMC) program after 15 years and at least 27,000,000 harmful and useless [[foreskin]] amputations.<ref name="gwarisa2025">{{REFnews
|title=New PEPFAR Waiver Scraps Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Program
|url=https://healthtimes.co.zw/2025/02/07/new-pepfar-waiver-scraps-voluntary-medical-male-circumcision-program/
|last=Gwarisa
|first=Michael
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Healthtimes
|website=
|date=2025-02-07
|accessdate=2025-02-16
|format=
|quote=
}}</ref> The [[United States government]] will no longer pay for harmful circumcisions in Africa.
== Population-based studies ==