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==Pathologic phimosis==
Pathologic phimosis is phimosis caused by lichen sclerosis et atrophicrus (LSA), formerly known as [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] (BXO), on the [[foreskin]].<ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal
|last=Rickwood
|first=
|init=AMK
|author-link=
|last2=Hemalatha
|first2=
|init2=V
|author2-link=
|last3=Batcup
|first3=
|init3=G
|author3-link=
|last4=Spitz
|first4=
|init4=L
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Phimosis in boys.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Brit J Urol
|location=
|date=1980
|volume=52
|pages=147-50
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/rickwood/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=7191744
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb02945.x
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-01-13
}}</ref> <ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/
|title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision?
|last=Milos
|first=
|init=MF
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2022-09-19
|accessdate=2024-10-24
}}</ref>
Some success has been shown with treatment by topical steroid cream, but other cases may be an indication for [[circumcision]].<ref name="rickwood1980" /> See section on adult onset phimosis below.
Relocate section.
All may be conservatively treated without [[Adolescent and adult circumcision| circumcision]].<ref name='hill2012" />
=== Non-retractable foreskin of infancy and childhood ===
Circumcision is not appropriate or necessary to treat [[frenulum breve]]. Patients must be careful when consulting a urologist, because urologists earn an attractive fee from performing a circumcision, so may be quick to recommend inappropriate and unnecessary injurious [[circumcision]] to an unwary patient.
==Pathologic phimosis==
Pathologic phimosis is phimosis caused by lichen sclerosis et atrophicrus (LSA), formerly known as [[balanitis xerotica obliterans]] (BXO), on the [[foreskin]].<ref name="rickwood1980">{{REFjournal
|last=Rickwood
|first=
|init=AMK
|author-link=
|last2=Hemalatha
|first2=
|init2=V
|author2-link=
|last3=Batcup
|first3=
|init3=G
|author3-link=
|last4=Spitz
|first4=
|init4=L
|author4-link=
|etal=no
|title=Phimosis in boys.
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Brit J Urol
|location=
|date=1980
|volume=52
|pages=147-50
|url=https://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/rickwood/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=7191744
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1111/j.1464-410x.1980.tb02945.x
|doi=
|accessdate=2024-01-13
}}</ref> <ref name="milos2022-09-19">{{REFweb
|url=https://intactamerica.org/ask-marilyn-can-a-tight-foreskin-be-treated-without-circumcision/
|title=Ask Marilyn—Can a Tight Foreskin be Treated without Circumcision?
|last=Milos
|first=
|init=MF
|author-link=Marilyn Fayre Milos
|publisher=Intact America
|date=2022-09-19
|accessdate=2024-10-24
}}</ref>
Some success has been shown with treatment by topical steroid cream, but other cases may be an indication for [[circumcision]].<ref name="rickwood1980" /> See section on adult onset phimosis below.
==Video==
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