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If a boy is to be [[circumcised]], then someone must grant effective consent. The boy may not do it for himself because of his minority status. [[Circumcision]] of boys is a medically-unnecessary, non-therapeutic, harmful excision of functional tissue that causes loss of various functions.  Ross Povenmire (11998-9) argued strongly that parents lack the authority to grant surrogate consent for circumcision where there is no medical indicaton.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Povenmire |init=R |author-link= |url= |title= Do Parents Have the Legal Authority to Consent to the Surgical Amputation of Normal, Healthy Tissue From Their Infant Children?: The Practice of Circumcision in the United States |journal=Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law |date=1998-9 |volume=7 |issue= |pages=87-123 |accessdate=2025-05-03}}</ref>   Hill (2003) raised the question of who can grant effective consent for such an injurious operation.     <ref>{{REFjournal