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The partition caused a mass migration with Muslims moving from India into Pakistan and non-Muslims moving from Pakistan into India. Muslims continued to conduct forced circumcisions at this time.<ref name="fcirc"/>
==The foreskin in India==
Ravi Kumar (2017) observed:
<blockquote>
Circumcision is a surgical procedure that removes the foreskin in males. It is a controversial topic in many parts of the world. In India however, circumcision is viewed as a barbaric practice. If you are an Indian man, you are expected to have a foreskin. Only Indian Muslims circumcise, which is a minority of the population. It is seen as ‘mutilation’ by others, like cutting off useful parts of the body, and is often ridiculed.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2017/07/the-ridicule-i-faced-for-being-a-circumcised-hindu
|title=The Ridicule I Faced For Being A Circumcised Hindu
|last=Kumar
|first=Ravi
|init=
|author-link=
|publisher=Youth Ki Awaaz
|date=2017-07-05
|accessdate=2025-06-19
}}</ref></blockquote>
== Medical science ==
Medical science is highly advanced in India.
There are more than 600,000,000 [[foreskinned]] men in India. Studies by Indian doctors have contributed to our understanding of the [[intact ]] [[penis]].
* Satya Parkash (1972) discussed some of the functions of the [[foreskin]], some drawbacks to circumcision, and conditions for which [[circumcision]] should <i>not</i> be performed. Parkash described a new procedure for the plastic correction of [[phimosis]] which would save the foreskin.<ref name="parkash1972">{{REFjournal
|last=Parkash