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Gairdner, the son of William Henry Temple Gairdner, an Anglican missionary, and grandson of Sir William Tennant Gairdner, [[Order of the Bath|KCB]], a medical doctor and professor, was born in Scotland on 19 November 1910.<ref name="obit">{{cite journal | title=Obituary, D M T Gairdner | journal= BMJ : British Medical Journal|year= 1992 | volume= 304 | issue= 6839 | pages= 1438–1439 | doi= 10.1136/bmj.304.6839.1438| pmc= 1882198 }}</ref><ref name="spence">{{cite journal | title= The James Spence Medal | journal= Archives of Disease in Childhood|year= 1977 | volume= 52 | issue= 2| pages= 85–86 | doi= 10.1136/adc.52.2.85 | pmc= 1546185 }}</ref> His mother was Mary Mitchell. He was the great-nephew of historian James Gairdner. Gairdner was named for his father's late friend, Douglas M. Thornton who had died three years before Gairdner's birth. Gairdner had four siblings. His very early life was spent in Egypt where his father was a missionary.<ref name="read">{{cite journal |