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Affecting only 6 in 1000 males (0.6%), BXO is a rare disease which can affect males at any age.<ref>Parsad D, R. Saini R. [http://www.vulvarpain.icomm.ca/parsad.html Oral Stanozolol in Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus]. ''J Am Acad Dermatol'' 1998; 38( 2) part 1: 278-9. (link to www.vulvarpain.icom.ca)</ref> As rare as it may be, BXO is a relatively serious disease. It can cause urethral stricture and retention of urine.<ref>Freeman C, Laymon CW. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/freeman1/ Balanitis xerotica obliterans]. ''Arch Dermat Syph'' (Chicago) 1941;44;(4):547-559.</ref> Malignant tumors have been reported to develop from BXO, albeit very rarely.<ref>Freeman C, Laymon CW. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/freeman1/ Balanitis xerotica obliterans]. ''Arch Dermat Syph'' (Chicago) 1941;44;(4):547-559.</ref><ref>Shankar KR, Rickwood AM. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/phimosis/shankar1/ The incidence of phimosis in boys]. ''BJU Int'' 1999;84(1):101-2.</ref> Meffert ''et al''. (1995) provide a recent review of the literature.<ref>Meffert JJ, Davis BM, Grimwood RE. [http://www.cirp.org/library/treatment/BXO/meffert1/ Lichen Sclerosus]. ''J Am Acad Dermatol'' 1995;32(3):393-416.</ref> A person with BXO or suspected BXO should be under the care of a medical doctor.