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Jakob Øster, a Danish physician who conducted school examinations, reported his findings on the examination of school-boys in Denmark, where circumcision is rare.<ref name="Øster1968">{{REFjournal |last=Øster |first=J. |title=Further fate of the foreskinTemplate: incidence of preputial adhesions, phimosis, and smegma among Danish schoolboys |journal=Arch Dis Child |volume=43 |issue= |pages=200-3 |url=https://adc.bmj.com/content/archdischild/43/228/200.full.pdf |quote= |pubmedID=5689532 |pubmedCID=2019851 |DOI=10.1136/adc.43.228.200 |date=1968 |accessdate=2019-10-17Jakob_Øster_1968}}</ref> Øster (1968) found that the incidence of fusion of the foreskin with the glans penis steadily declines with increasing age and foreskin retractability increases with age.<ref name="Øster1968"/> Kayaba ''et al''. (1996) also investigated the development of foreskin retraction in boys from age 0 to age 15.5 Kayaba ''et al''. also reported increasing retractability with increasing age. Kayaba ''et al''. reported that about only 42 percent of boys aged 8-10 have fully retractile foreskin, but the percentage increases to 62.9 percent in boys aged 11-15.<ref name="kayaba1996" /> Imamura (1997) reported that 77 percent of boys aged 11-15 had retractile foreskin.<ref name="imamura1997" /> Thorvaldsen & Meyhoff (2005) conducted a survey of 4000 young men in Denmark.9 They report that the mean age of first foreskin retraction is 10.4 years in Denmark.<ref name="Thorvaldsen">{{REFjournal