Dyspareunia: Difference between revisions

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~~{{Construction Site}}~~

'''Dyspareunia''' is painful [[sexual intercourse]] due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the [[genitalia]], or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the [[cervix]]. It can affect a small portion of the [[vulva]] or [[vagina]] or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.<ref name=Wikipedia>{{URLwikipedia|Dyspareunia|Dyspareunia|2020-06-12}}</ref>

'''Dyspareunia''' is painful [[sexual intercourse]] due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the [[genitalia]], or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the [[cervix]]. It can affect a small portion of the vulva or vagina or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.<ref name=Wikipedia>{{URLwikipedia|Dyspareunia|Dyspareunia|2020-06-12}}</ref>

Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to pain during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>

Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to [[pain]] during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>

Underlying causes determine treatment. Many women experience relief when physical causes are identified and treated.<ref name=Wikipedia/>

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}}</ref><ref name=Wikipedia/>

==The role of male circumcision==

Warren & Bigelow (1994) reported that the [[foreskin]] "provides slack [[shaft skin|skin on the shaft]] of the erect [[penis]] allowing it to glide within its own sheath of [[skin]] during intercourse. This provides for more enjoyable intercourse for both partners and avoids problems with vaginal dryness." It follows that when the [[foreskin]] is amputated by [[circumcision]], the [[gliding action]] is not present, so vaginal abrasions and pain are more likely.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal

|last=Warren

|first=John

|author-link=John Warren

|last2=Bigelow

|first2=Jim

|author2-link=Jim Bigelow

|title=The case against circumcision

|journal=Br J Sex Med

|date=1994-09

|volume=

|issue=

|pages=6-8

|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/

|accessdate=2020-06-19

}}</ref> O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) reported that "[w]omen were also more likely to state that they had had vaginal discomfort with a [[circumcised]] partner either often or occasionally as opposed to rarely or never."<ref>{{REFjournal|last=O'Hara

|first=K

|author-link=

|last2=O'Hara

|first2=J

|author2-link=

|etal=no

|title=The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner

|trans-title=

|language=

|journal=BJU Int

|location=

|date=1999-01-01

|volume=83 Suppl 1

|issue=

|pages=79-84

|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/ohara/

|archived=

|quote=

|pubmedID=10349418

|pubmedCID=

|DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1079.x

|accessdate=2020-06-19

}}</ref>

* [[Vagina]]

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[[Category:Circumcision ~~risks~~]]

[[Category:Circumcision risk]]

[[Category:Female sexuality]]

[[de:Dyspareunie]]

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-{{Construction Site}}
+'''Dyspareunia''' is painful [[sexual intercourse]] due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the [[genitalia]], or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the [[cervix]]. It can affect a small portion of the [[vulva]] or [[vagina]] or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.<ref name=Wikipedia>{{URLwikipedia|Dyspareunia|Dyspareunia|2020-06-12}}</ref>
-'''Dyspareunia''' is painful [[sexual intercourse]] due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the [[genitalia]], or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the [[cervix]]. It can affect a small portion of the vulva or vagina or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.<ref name=Wikipedia>{{URLwikipedia|Dyspareunia|Dyspareunia|2020-06-12}}</ref>
-Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to pain during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>
+Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to [[pain]] during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>
 Underlying causes determine treatment. Many women experience relief when physical causes are identified and treated.<ref name=Wikipedia/>
@@ Line 27: / Line 26: @@
   |issue=1
 }}</ref><ref name=Wikipedia/>
+==The role of male circumcision==
+Warren & Bigelow (1994) reported that the [[foreskin]] "provides slack [[shaft skin|skin on the shaft]] of the erect [[penis]] allowing it to glide within its own sheath of [[skin]] during intercourse. This provides for more enjoyable intercourse for both partners and avoids problems with vaginal dryness." It follows that when the [[foreskin]] is amputated by [[circumcision]], the [[gliding action]] is not present, so vaginal abrasions and pain are more likely.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal
+ |last=Warren
+ |first=John
+ |author-link=John Warren
+ |last2=Bigelow
+ |first2=Jim
+ |author2-link=Jim Bigelow
+ |title=The case against circumcision
+ |journal=Br J Sex Med
+ |date=1994-09
+ |volume=
+ |issue=
+ |pages=6-8
+ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/
+ |accessdate=2020-06-19
+}}</ref> O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) reported that "[w]omen were also more likely to state that they had had vaginal discomfort with a [[circumcised]] partner either often or occasionally as opposed to rarely or never."<ref>{{REFjournal|last=O'Hara
+ |first=K
+ |author-link=
+ |last2=O'Hara
+ |first2=J
+ |author2-link=
+ |etal=no
+ |title=The effect of male circumcision on the sexual enjoyment of the female partner
+ |trans-title=
+ |language=
+ |journal=BJU Int
+ |location=
+ |date=1999-01-01
+ |volume=83 Suppl 1
+ |issue=
+ |pages=79-84
+ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/anatomy/ohara/
+ |archived=
+ |quote=
+ |pubmedID=10349418
+ |pubmedCID=
+ |DOI=10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1079.x
+ |accessdate=2020-06-19
+}}</ref>
+{{SEEALSO}}
+* [[Vagina]]
 {{LINKS}}
@@ Line 41: / Line 86: @@
 {{REF}}
-[[Category:Circumcision risks]]
+[[Category:Circumcision risk]]
+[[Category:Female sexuality]]
 [[de:Dyspareunie]]