Genital cutting in Christianity: Difference between revisions
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'''Genital cutting in Christianity''' was rejected by the Church Fathers at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] which was held | '''Genital cutting in Christianity''' was rejected by the Church Fathers at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] which was held in or about 49 A.D. | ||
[[Circumcision]] | == The Christian Bible == | ||
The Christian Bible, which is considered to be the authority regarding faith and practice, contains two major sections. They are the Hebrew Bible of the Jews, containing the Books from Genesis to Malachi, which is usually called the "Old Testament" and the Greek Bible of the Christians, which is usually called the "New Testament, containing the Books from Matthew through Revelation. The two testaments differ with regard to circumcision, which can be confusing to Christians. | |||
The 17th Chapter of Genesis in the Old Testament describes the Covenant of Circumcision, also known as the [[Abrahamic covenant]], however this has been questioned since it conflicts with other Jewish values and other reasons.<ref name="glick2005">{{REFbook | |||
|last=Glick | |||
|first=Leonard B. | |||
|init=LB | |||
|author-link=Leonard B. Glick | |||
|year=2005 | |||
|title=Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America | |||
|edition=1st | |||
|chapter=Chapter One | |||
|pages=15-18 | |||
|publisher={{UNI|Oxford University|Oxon}} Press | |||
|isbn=9780195176742 | |||
|accessdate=2023-11-15 | |||
|note= | |||
}}</ref> | |||
The early Christian Apostles, meeting at the [[Council at Jerusalem]] described in Chapter 15 of Acts of the Apostles, rejected the Jewish teachings regarding circumcision. | |||
[[Circumcision]] has been believed to be a "good Christian value" by a ''few'' Christians in different parts of the world, including the [[United States]], [[South Korea]], Africa and the [[Tuli| Philippines]]. Christian advocates of male infant [[circumcision]] often cite the alleged [[Abrahamic covenant|covenant between god and Abraham]] as outlined in the book of Genesis (e.g., the Old Testament), or believe that since the men of the Old Testament were [[circumcised]], that it must be a good Christian value. Still others acknowledge that male infant circumcision was outlined to Abraham and his descendants, and that gentiles were excluded, but believe the New Testament says it's just a matter of preference, and that gentiles could choose to be [[circumcised]] or not, or could choose to have their children circumcised or allowed to be [[intact]]. <b>These are erroneous views.</b> | |||
== Circumcision and coercing others to be circumcised == | == Circumcision and coercing others to be circumcised == | ||
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Actually, circumcision is expressly forbidden to gentiles in the New Testament. Whereas Jews adhere to the original 613 laws and commandments outlined in the Old Testament, called "mitzvots" in Hebrew, Christians are supposed to be saved by the blood and grace of Christ, hence the name "Christ-ian." At various points in the New Testament,<ref>The Holy Bible</ref> Christians are told to either follow the law, or be saved by the Grace of Christ alone. | Actually, circumcision is expressly forbidden to gentiles in the New Testament. Whereas Jews adhere to the original 613 laws and commandments outlined in the Old Testament, called "mitzvots" in Hebrew, Christians are supposed to be saved by the blood and grace of Christ, hence the name "Christ-ian." At various points in the New Testament,<ref>The Holy Bible</ref> Christians are told to either follow the law, or be saved by the Grace of Christ alone. | ||
In the early times of the church, there was bitterness between Jews who believed in the laws of the Old Testament, and Jews who wanted to be saved under the New Covenant, and who wanted to live in harmony with gentile believers who were saved by faith in Christ. Followers of the Old Testament, who were made to keep numerous laws and undergo several unpleasant rituals, had bitterness and resentment for followers of the New Testament, who were being spared old burdens. Paul and Peter are desperately trying to unite these groups in order to achieve harmony, but the issue of circumcision and keeping laws and rituals in the Old Testament keep coming up as points of contention. | In the early times of the church, there was bitterness between Jews who believed in the laws of the Old Testament, and Jews who wanted to be saved under the New Covenant, and who wanted to live in harmony with gentile believers who were saved by faith in Christ. Followers of the Old Testament, who were made to keep numerous laws and undergo several unpleasant rituals, had bitterness and resentment for followers of the New Testament, who were being spared old burdens. Paul and Peter are desperately trying to unite these groups in order to achieve harmony, but the issue of circumcision and keeping laws and rituals in the Old Testament keep coming up as points of contention. The [[Council at Jerusalem]] was held in about 49 A. D. to resolve these differences. | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
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Here, Peter compares circumcision to a yoke that has been a difficult burden. | Here, Peter compares circumcision to a yoke that has been a difficult burden. | ||
In the 5th chapter of Galatians, it is written: | In the 5th chapter of Paul's letter to the Galatians, it is written: | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
| Title=Fallen from grace | | Title=Fallen from grace | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Here too, Paul calls circumcision a yoke of bondage. It is stressed that circumcision is of no Christian merit, and that it is a mistake for Christians to believe that circumcision is a Christian virtue that will profit them anything. Indeed, here, Paul says Christ is worthless to those who believe they are justified by the law, and describes them as having fallen from grace. Above law and rituals, Paul stresses righteousness by faith. | Here too, Paul calls circumcision a yoke of bondage. It is stressed that circumcision is of no Christian merit, and that it is a mistake for Christians to believe that [[circumcision]] is a Christian virtue that will profit them anything. Indeed, here, Paul says Christ is worthless to those who believe they are justified by the law, and describes them as having fallen from grace. Above law and rituals, Paul stresses righteousness by faith. | ||
Paul calls out advocates of circumcision as people who don't even actually care about keeping the whole law themselves, but in boasting in the fact that they were able to convince others to do as they wished. In other words, more so than keeping the law to honor god, they were more interested in forcing the law on others in order to feel good about themselves; the whole point of keeping the law had lost its meaning, which was to honor god. | Paul calls out advocates of circumcision as people who don't even actually care about keeping the whole law themselves, but in boasting in the fact that they were able to convince others to do as they wished. In other words, more so than keeping the law to honor god, they were more interested in forcing the law on others in order to feel good about themselves; the whole point of keeping the law had lost its meaning, which was to honor god. | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Here too, Paul stresses that circumcision has become meaningless to those who believe in salvation by Christ. | Here too, Paul stresses that [[circumcision]] has become meaningless to those who believe in salvation by Christ. | ||
Paul wanted to make peace between those who are [[circumcised]], and new believers for whom circumcision was no longer a requirement. While it is a mistake to believe that [[circumcision]] is a Christian virtue or requirement, having been circumcised as required by earlier laws was not an impediment to becoming a good Christian. | |||
Paul | |||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The New Testament warns Christians against those who insist that they and their children must be circumcised in order to achieve salvation; he condemns them as evil charlatans who wish to do nothing more than deceive others turn a profit and boast while doing it. | The New Testament warns Christians against those ([[Judaizers]]) who insist that they and their children must be circumcised in order to achieve salvation; he condemns them as evil charlatans who wish to do nothing more than deceive others turn a profit and boast while doing it. | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
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* [[Council at Jerusalem]] | * [[Council at Jerusalem]] | ||
* [[Catholics Against Circumcision]] | * [[Catholics Against Circumcision]] | ||
* [[Judaizer]] | |||
* [[Whole Christian]] | |||
{{LINKS}} | {{LINKS}} | ||
* {{REFweb | |||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/pages/cultural/lewis1/ | |||
|title=Circumcision and Christianity: A Call to Christian Action | |||
|last=Lewis | |||
|first=Van | |||
|author-link=Van Lewis | |||
|init= | |||
|publisher=Circumcision Reference Library | |||
|date=2000-07 | |||
|accessdate=2022-11-12 | |||
}} | |||
* {{REFweb | * {{REFweb | ||
|url=http://www.cirp.org/pages/cultural/glass1/ | |url=http://www.cirp.org/pages/cultural/glass1/ | ||