Dyspareunia: Difference between revisions

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'''Dyspareunia''' is painful [[sexual intercourse]] due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the [[genitalia]], or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the [[cervix]]. It can affect a small portion of the [[vulva]] or [[vagina]] or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.<ref name=Wikipedia>{{URLwikipedia|Dyspareunia|Dyspareunia|2020-06-12}}</ref>

Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to pain during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>

Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to [[pain]] during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>

Underlying causes determine treatment. Many women experience relief when physical causes are identified and treated.<ref name=Wikipedia/>

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==The role of male circumcision==

Warren & Bigelow (1994) reported that the [[foreskin]] "provides slack [[shaft skin|skin on the shaft]] of the erect penis allowing it to glide within its own sheath of [[skin]] during intercourse. This provides for more enjoyable intercourse for both partners and avoids problems with vaginal dryness." It follows that when the [[foreskin]] is amputated by [[circumcision]], the [[gliding action]] is not present, so vaginal abrasions and pain are more likely.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal

Warren & Bigelow (1994) reported that the [[foreskin]] "provides slack [[shaft skin|skin on the shaft]] of the erect [[penis]] allowing it to glide within its own sheath of [[skin]] during intercourse. This provides for more enjoyable intercourse for both partners and avoids problems with vaginal dryness." It follows that when the [[foreskin]] is amputated by [[circumcision]], the [[gliding action]] is not present, so vaginal abrasions and pain are more likely.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal

|last=Warren

|first=John

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|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/

|accessdate=2020-06-19

}}</ref> O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) reported that "[w]omen were also more likely to state that they had had vaginal discomfort with a circumcised partner either often or occasionally as opposed to rarely or never."<ref>{{REFjournal|last=O'Hara

}}</ref> O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) reported that "[w]omen were also more likely to state that they had had vaginal discomfort with a [[circumcised]] partner either often or occasionally as opposed to rarely or never."<ref>{{REFjournal|last=O'Hara

|first=K

|author-link=

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[[Category:Circumcision risk]]

[[Category:Female sexuality]]

[[de:Dyspareunie]]

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 '''Dyspareunia''' is painful [[sexual intercourse]] due to medical or psychological causes. The pain can primarily be on the external surface of the [[genitalia]], or deeper in the pelvis upon deep pressure against the [[cervix]]. It can affect a small portion of the [[vulva]] or [[vagina]] or be felt all over the surface. Understanding the duration, location, and nature of the pain is important in identifying the causes of the pain.<ref name=Wikipedia>{{URLwikipedia|Dyspareunia|Dyspareunia|2020-06-12}}</ref>
-Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to pain during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>
+Numerous physical, psychological, and social or relationship causes can contribute to [[pain]] during sexual encounters. Commonly, multiple underlying causes contribute to the pain. The pain can be acquired or [[Congenital disorder|congenital]]. Symptoms of dyspareunia may also occur after menopause. Diagnosis is typically by [[physical examination]] and [[medical history]].<ref name=Wikipedia/>
 Underlying causes determine treatment. Many women experience relief when physical causes are identified and treated.<ref name=Wikipedia/>
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 ==The role of male circumcision==
-Warren & Bigelow (1994) reported that the [[foreskin]] "provides slack [[shaft skin|skin on the shaft]] of the erect penis allowing it to glide within its own sheath of [[skin]] during intercourse. This provides for more enjoyable intercourse for both partners and avoids problems with vaginal dryness." It follows that when the [[foreskin]] is amputated by [[circumcision]], the [[gliding action]] is not present, so vaginal abrasions and pain are more likely.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal
+Warren & Bigelow (1994) reported that the [[foreskin]] "provides slack [[shaft skin|skin on the shaft]] of the erect [[penis]] allowing it to glide within its own sheath of [[skin]] during intercourse. This provides for more enjoyable intercourse for both partners and avoids problems with vaginal dryness." It follows that when the [[foreskin]] is amputated by [[circumcision]], the [[gliding action]] is not present, so vaginal abrasions and pain are more likely.<ref name="warren1994">{{REFjournal
   |last=Warren
   |first=John
@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
   |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/general/warren2/
   |accessdate=2020-06-19
-}}</ref> O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) reported that "[w]omen were also more likely to state that they had had vaginal discomfort with a circumcised partner either often or occasionally as opposed to rarely or never."<ref>{{REFjournal|last=O'Hara
+}}</ref> O'Hara & O'Hara (1999) reported that "[w]omen were also more likely to state that they had had vaginal discomfort with a [[circumcised]] partner either often or occasionally as opposed to rarely or never."<ref>{{REFjournal|last=O'Hara
   |first=K
   |author-link=
@@ Line 87: / Line 87: @@
 [[Category:Circumcision risk]]
+[[Category:Female sexuality]]
 [[de:Dyspareunie]]