Female circumcision: Difference between revisions

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}}</ref>

[[Image:FGC-Types.png|thumb|Diagram 1:This image shows the different types of FGM and how they differ to the intact female anatomy.]]

[[Image:FGC-Types.png|thumb|Diagram 1:This image shows the different types of FGM and how they differ to the intact female anatomy. '''Note:''' The graphic comes from an external source and incorrectly refers to the [[clitoral glans]] as just the [[clitoris]].]]

=== Type I ===

The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] with the prepuce.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument

The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[clitoral glans]] with the prepuce.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument

|url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf

|title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO

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===Type II ===

The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[~~clitoris~~]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

=== Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===

The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[~~clitoris~~]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb

The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoral glans]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb

|quote=

|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html

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=== Type IV: other types ===

There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[~~clitoris~~]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoral glans]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>

@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 }}</ref>
-[[Image:FGC-Types.png|thumb|Diagram 1:This image shows the different types of FGM and how they differ to the intact female anatomy.]]
+[[Image:FGC-Types.png|thumb|Diagram 1:This image shows the different types of FGM and how they differ to the intact female anatomy. '''Note:''' The graphic comes from an external source and incorrectly refers to the [[clitoral glans]] as just the [[clitoris]].]]
 === Type I ===
-The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[clitoris]] with the prepuce.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument
+The WHO defines Type I FGM as the partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] ([[clitoridectomy]]) and/or the prepuce ([[clitoral hood]]); see ''Diagram 1B''. When it is important to distinguish between the variations of Type I cutting, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type Ia, removal of the clitoral hood or prepuce only; Type Ib, removal of the [[clitoral glans]] with the prepuce.<ref name="WHO - Terminology">{{REFdocument
   |url=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/fgm/fgm_statement_2008.pdf
   |title=Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation – An interagency statement OHCHR, UNAIDS, UNDP, UNECA, UNESCO, UNFPA, UNHCR, UNICEF, UNIFEM, WHO
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 ===Type II ===
-The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoris]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>
+The WHO's definition of Type II FGM is "partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] and the [[labia minora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[labia majora]]. When it is important to distinguish between the major variations that have been documented, the following subdivisions are proposed: Type IIa, removal of the [[labia minora]] only; Type IIb, partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]] and the [[labia minora]]; Type IIc, partial or total removal of the [[clitoral glans]], the [[labia minora]] and the [[labia majora]].<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>
 === Type III: [[Infibulation]] with [[excision]] ===
-The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoris]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
+The WHO defines Type III FGM as narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and repositioning the [[labia minora]] and/or the [[labia majora]], with or without [[excision]] of the [[clitoral glans]] ([[infibulation]])."<ref>WHO, 2006-10-02</ref> It is the most extensive form of FGM, and accounts for about 10% of all FGM procedures described from Africa.<ref>{{REFweb
   |quote=
   |url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 === Type IV: other types ===
-There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoris]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>
+There are other forms of FGM, collectively referred to as Type IV, that may not involve tissue removal. The WHO defines Type IV FGM as "all other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, for example, pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterization."<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/> This includes a diverse range of practices, such as pricking the [[clitoral glans]] with needles, burning or scarring the genitals as well as ripping or tearing of the vagina.<ref name="WHO - Terminology"/>
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