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[[File:Sir-James-Calvert-Spence.jpg|thumb|Sir James Calvert Spence]]
'''Professor Sir {{FULLPAGENAME}}''', M.D., F.R.C.P., ({{LifeData |birth=1892-03-19 |birthplace= |birthcountry= |death=1954-05-26}}) was a prominent British paediatrician in the early twentieth century.  
Professor Sir '''{{FULLPAGENAME}}''', M.C., {{MD}}, {{DSc}}, {{FRCP}}, ({{LifeData |birth=1892-03-19 |birthplace=Amble, Northumberland |birthcountry=[[United Kingdom]] |death=1954-05-26}}) was a prominent British paediatrician in the early twentieth century.  


He established his practice at Newcastle upon Tyne where he developed an interest in social paediatrics, which included interests in providing adequate nutrition to children in poor families and support for [[breastfeeding]].
Spence was a founding member of the British Paediatric Association (later known as the [https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/ Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health]) in 1928.  


[[Douglas Gairdner]] joined him in 1945 as his first assistant and stayed until 1948 during which time Spence served as a mentor to the younger Gairdner. Spence urged Gairdner to write a review of infant [[circumcision]].
He established his practice at Newcastle upon Tyne where he developed an interest in social paediatrics, which included interests in support for [[breastfeeding]]<ref name="spence1938">{{REFjournal
|last=Spence
|first=
|init=JC
|author-link=James Calvert Spence
|etal=no
|title=The modern decline of breastfeeding
|journal=Br Med J
|location=
|date=1938-10-08
|volume=2
|issue=4057
|pages=729-33
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2210420/pdf/brmedj04218-0002.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20781788
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.2.4057.729
|accessdate=2023-03-26
}}</ref> and in providing adequate nutrition to children in poor families,<ref name="spence1940">{{REFjournal
|last=Spence
|first=
|init=JC
|author-link=James Calvert Spence
|etal=no
|title=The Feeding of Children
|journal=Br Med J
|location=
|date=1940-07-20
|season=
|volume=4159
|article=
|page=
|pages=93-5
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2178990/pdf/brmedj04102-0023.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20783212
|pubmedCID=2178990
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.2.4150.93
|accessdate=2023-03-26
}}</ref> as the British nation entered World War II and shortages of food multiplied.
 
[[Douglas Gairdner]] joined him in 1945 as his first assistant and stayed until 1948 during which time Spence served as a mentor to the younger Gairdner. Spence urged Gairdner to write a review of infant [[circumcision]], which was published in the ''British Medical Journal'' on Christmas Eve, 1949.<ref name="fate1949">{{GairdnerDM 1949}}</ref>


{{PUB}}
{{PUB}}
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  |author-link=James Calvert Spence
  |author-link=James Calvert Spence
  |etal=no
  |etal=no
  |title=On circumcision
  |title=The modern decline of breastfeeding
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Br Med J
|location=
|date=1938-10-08
|volume=2
|issue=4057
|pages=729-33
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2210420/pdf/brmedj04218-0002.pdf
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=20781788
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1136/bmj.2.4057.729
|format=PDF
|accessdate=2023-07-11
}}
* {{REFjournal
|last=Spence
|first=
|init=JC
|author-link=James Calvert Spence
|etal=no
|title=Spence on circumcision
  |trans-title=
  |trans-title=
  |language=
  |language=
Line 32: Line 100:
  |accessdate=2023-03-26
  |accessdate=2023-03-26
}}
}}
==Honours==
His Majesty, King George VI, recognised his contributions with a knighthood in 1950.<ref>{{REFweb
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Birthday_Honours
|title=1950 birthday Honours
|last=
|first=
|init=
|publisher=Wikipedia
|date=
|accessdate=2023-03-28
}}</ref>
The British Paediatric Association created the James Spence Medal, which is awarded annually since 1960 for "outstanding contributions to the advancement or clarification of paediatric knowledge."<ref name="spence">{{REFjournal
|last=
|first=
|title=The James Spence Medal
|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood
|volume=52
|issue=2
|pages=85–86
|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1546185/pdf/archdisch00820-0007.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=
|pubmedCID=1546185
|DOI=10.1136/adc.52.2.85
|date=1977
|accessdate=2023-03-27
}}</ref>
The [https://www.jcsc.co.uk/ James Calvert Spence College] in Amble, Northumberland, actually a co-educational secondary school, was named in his honour.


==Death==
Spence had an extended illness which led to his death at age 62 on 26 May 1954.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Anonymous
|first=
|init=
|author-link=
|etal=no
|title=Sir James Spence obituary
|trans-title=
|language=
|journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|location=
|date=1954-07
|volume=21
|page=193
|url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02819908.pdf
|accessdate=2023-03-27
}}</ref>
{{SEEALSO}}
* [[United Kingdom]]
{{LINKS}}
{{LINKS}}
* {{REFweb
* {{URLwikipedia|James_Calvert_Spence|James Calvert Spence|2023-03-26}}
|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Calvert_Spence
|title=James Calvert Spence
|publisher=Wikipedia
|accessdate=2023-03-26
}}


{{ABBR}}
{{REF}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Spence, James}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Spence, James}}
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[[Category:UK]]
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[[de:{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
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