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SeeTesta & Block (2014) considered the child's rights in regard to non-therapeutic male circumcision. They concluded that the circumcision decision should be reserved for the boy to make when he is of age. They concluded: http<blockquote>We claim that libertarianism proscribes the use of violenceagainst innocent people. Babies are innocent; this cannotbe denied. Nor will anyone quarrel with the view thatcircumcision is a violent invasive act, when not undertakenvolitionally. Newborns lack the volition to make any suchchoice for themselves. Hence, it is unjustified, according tolibertarian principles. This conclusion does not at all applyto adults who decide to undergo this type of surgery on avoluntary basis. For consenting adults, libertarianism doesnot at all proscribe circumcision.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Testa |first-Patrick |init= |author-link= |last2=Block |first2=Walter E. |init2= |author2-link= |etal=no |title=Libertarianism and circumcision |trans-title= |language= |journal=Int J Health Policy Manag |location= |date=2014-05 |volume=3 |issue=1 |article= |page= |pages=33-40 |url=https://assemblywww.coeijhpm.intcom/nwarticle_2849_e82a50040b519aedb554abd1ec5d35d2.pdf |archived= |quote= |pubmedID=24987720 |pubmedCID= |DOI=10.15171/xmlijhpm.2014.51 |accessdate=2021-02-23}}</XRefref></X2H-Xref-ViewPDF.asp?FileID=20174blockquote>
→Children's right to physical integrity: Revise section.
In 2013, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe presented a resolution promoting the children's right to physical integrity. The resolution stated that "The Parliamentary Assembly is particularly worried about a category of violation of the physical integrity of children, which supporters of the procedures tend to present as beneficial to the children themselves despite clear evidence to the contrary. This includes, among others, female genital mutilation, the circumcision of young boys for religious reasons, early childhood medical interventions in the case of intersex children, and the submission to, or coercion of, children into piercings, tattoos or plastic surgery".
The resolution recommended that "that member States promote further awareness in their societies of the potential risks that some of the above-mentioned procedures may have on children's physical and mental health, and take legislative and policy measures that help reinforce child protection in this context."<ref name="cepa1952">{{REFdocument |title=Children’s right to physical integrity |url=http://semantic-pace.net/tools/pdf.aspx?doc=aHR0cDovL2Fzc2VtYmx5LmNvZS5pbnQvbncveG1sL1hSZWYvWDJILURXLWV4dHIuYXNwP2ZpbGVpZD0yMDE3NCZsYW5nPUVO&xsl=aHR0cDovL2Fzc2VtYmx5LmNvZS5pbnQvbncveG1sL3hzbC1mby9QZGYvWFJlZi1XRC1BVC1YTUwyUERGLnhzbA==&xsltparams=ZmlsZWlkPTIwMTc0 |contribution=Resolution 1952 |last=Parliamentary Assembly |first= |publisher=Council of Europe |format=PDF |date=2013-10-01 |accessdate=2021-02-23}}</ref>
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