Robert C. Bailey: Difference between revisions
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Robert C. Bailey is Professor of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Research Associate at Field Museum in Chicago.<ref name="Bailey"> | Robert C. Bailey is Professor of Epidemiology at the School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, and Research Associate at Field Museum in Chicago.<ref name="Bailey"> | ||
{{REFweb | {{REFweb | ||
| last=kaiser network | |last=kaiser network | ||
| first= | |first= | ||
| | |date= | ||
| title=Robert C. Bailey | |title=Robert C. Bailey | ||
| url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf | |url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
}}</ref> Bailey has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1998.<ref>Moses S, Bailey RC, Ronald AR. Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74(5):368-73.</ref> Bailey was responsible (along with [[Stephen Moses]]) for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the United States [[National Institutes of Health]]),<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb | }}</ref> Bailey has been a circumcision proponent since at least 1998.<ref>Moses S, Bailey RC, Ronald AR. Male circumcision: assessment of health benefits and risks. Sex Transm Infect 1998;74(5):368-73.</ref> Bailey was responsible (along with [[Stephen Moses]]) for one of the three major African circumcision trials (funded by NIAID, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, and the United States [[National Institutes of Health]]),<ref name='DOC 2008'>{{REFweb | ||
| last=Doctors Opposing Circumcision | |last=Doctors Opposing Circumcision | ||
| first= | |first= | ||
| | |date=2008 | ||
| title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection | |title=The Use of Male Circumcision to Prevent HIV Infection | ||
| url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html | |url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html | ||
| accessdate=2011-03-05 | |accessdate=2011-03-05 | ||
quote = ...funding from the United States National Institutes of Health to conduct randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in Africa. | |||
}}</ref><ref name="pmid16225538">{{REFjournal | }}</ref><ref name="pmid16225538">{{REFjournal | ||
|last=Krieger | |last=Krieger | ||
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|first3=J. | |first3=J. | ||
|etal=yes | |etal=yes | ||
|date=2005 | |date=November 2005 | ||
|title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya | |title=Adult male circumcision: results of a standardized procedure in Kisumu District, Kenya | ||
|journal=BJU Int. | |journal=BJU Int. | ||
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|accessdate= | |accessdate= | ||
}}</ref><ref>12. Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56</ref> which are being used by the [[WHO|World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb | }}</ref><ref>12. Bailey RC, Moses S, Parker CB, et al. Male circumcision for HIV prevention in young men in Kisumu, Kenya: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;369:643-56</ref> which are being used by the [[WHO|World Health Organization]] (under the guide of [[UNAIDS]]) to endorse circumcision as an HIV prevention method.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| last=WHO (World Health Organization) | |last=WHO (World Health Organization) | ||
| first= | |first= | ||
| | |date= | ||
| title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention | |title=Information Package on Male Circumcision and HIV Prevention | ||
| url= | |url= | ||
| accessdate=2011-04-29 | |accessdate=2011-04-29 | ||
}}</ref> Bailey is associated with the [[Gilgal Society]].<ref>{{REFweb | }}</ref> Bailey is associated with the [[Gilgal Society]].<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| last=Morris | |last=Morris | ||
| first=Brian C. | |first=Brian C. | ||
| | |date=2007 | ||
| title=Sex and Circumcision What every Woman needs to know | |title=Sex and Circumcision What every Woman needs to know | ||
| url=http://www.circinfo.net/pdfs/GFW-EN%200712-1.pdf | |url=http://www.circinfo.net/pdfs/GFW-EN%200712-1.pdf | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
| coauthors = Vernon Quaintance | |coauthors = Vernon Quaintance | ||
| publisher = The Gilgal Society | |publisher = The Gilgal Society | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
== Circumcision Research == | == Circumcision Research == | ||
Since 1995, Bailey has devoted most of his research activities to promoting male circumcision as a HIV prevention strategy.<ref>{{REFweb | Since 1995, Bailey has devoted most of his research activities to promoting male circumcision as a HIV prevention strategy.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| last=NIH | |last=NIH | ||
| first= | |first= | ||
| | |date=2009-10-28 | ||
| title=Pubmed Search: Robert C. Bailey | |title=Pubmed Search: Robert C. Bailey | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey | |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
}}</ref> He has conducted circumcision-related studies in varying communities in Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and the U.S. He has studied adverse events and conducted needs assessments associated with medical and traditional circumcisions in Kenya. | }}</ref> He has conducted circumcision-related studies in varying communities in Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and the U.S. He has studied adverse events and conducted needs assessments associated with medical and traditional circumcisions in Kenya. | ||
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== Deceptive Tactics == | == Deceptive Tactics == | ||
In Bailey's trial, the circumcised group had specific instructions to abstain from sex and use condoms that the intact control group did not. Bailey has admitted that "repeated study visits and intensive behavioral counseling" of the circumcised men were needed to reduce risk behaviors.<ref>{{REFnews | In Bailey's trial, the circumcised group had specific instructions to abstain from sex and use condoms that the intact control group did not. Bailey has admitted that "repeated study visits and intensive behavioral counseling" of the circumcised men were needed to reduce risk behaviors.<ref>{{REFnews | ||
| url=http://www.circumstitions.com/news/News26.html#trinidad | |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/news/News26.html#trinidad | ||
| title=Circumcision Age-old surgery touted to reduce HIV | |title=Circumcision Age-old surgery touted to reduce HIV | ||
| date= | |date=2007-08-20 | ||
| publisher=rinidad Express | |publisher=rinidad Express | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
"Research" advocating infant circumcision has been published by the University of Illinois and the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society.<ref>{{REFnews | "Research" advocating infant circumcision has been published by the University of Illinois and the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society.<ref>{{REFnews | ||
| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201207021653.html | |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201207021653.html | ||
| title=Kenya: Nyanza Residents Warm Up to Infant Male Circumcision | |title=Kenya: Nyanza Residents Warm Up to Infant Male Circumcision | ||
| date= | |date=2012-07-02 | ||
| publisher=All Africa (Samuel Otieno) | |publisher=All Africa (Samuel Otieno) | ||
| accessdate=2012-07-06 | |accessdate=2012-07-06 | ||
| quote = The research, conducted by the University of Illinois and the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society to assess the acceptability of infant male circumcision... | |quote = The research, conducted by the University of Illinois and the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society to assess the acceptability of infant male circumcision... | ||
}}</ref> While it may appear as if two independent medical organizations are publishing research, Robert Bailey happens to be a Professor of Epidemiology and an adjunct professor of Anthropology in the University of Chicago at Illinois, as well as the Secretary of the Board of the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society. | }}</ref> While it may appear as if two independent medical organizations are publishing research, Robert Bailey happens to be a Professor of Epidemiology and an adjunct professor of Anthropology in the University of Chicago at Illinois, as well as the Secretary of the Board of the Nyanza Reproductive Health Society. | ||
== Advocacy == | == Advocacy == | ||
Bailey is one of the primary modern day advocates for male circumcision. His research interest include "male circumcision as a strategy for HIV/STD prevention." He has written numerous articles advocating wholesale circumcision campaigns.<ref>{{REFweb | Bailey is one of the primary modern day advocates for male circumcision. His research interest include "male circumcision as a strategy for HIV/STD prevention." He has written numerous articles advocating wholesale circumcision campaigns.<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| last=NIH | |last=NIH | ||
| first= | |first= | ||
| | |date=2009-10-28 | ||
| title=Pubmed Search: Robert C. Bailey | |title=Pubmed Search: Robert C. Bailey | ||
| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey | |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Robert%20C.%20Bailey | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
| publisher = NIH | |publisher = NIH | ||
}}</ref> He is not a medical doctor or even a medical epidemiologist, but rather holds degrees in Anthropology and "behavioral epidemiology".<ref>{{REFweb | }}</ref> He is not a medical doctor or even a medical epidemiologist, but rather holds degrees in Anthropology and "behavioral epidemiology".<ref>{{REFweb | ||
| last=Bailey | |last=Bailey | ||
| first=Robert C. | |first=Robert C. | ||
| | |date= | ||
| title= | |title= | ||
| url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf | |url=http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/BAILEY_bio.pdf | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
| publisher = kaiser network | |publisher = kaiser network | ||
}}</ref> He has recently been described as "frustrated and impatient" with the alleged slowness to act on his research.<ref>{{REFnews | }}</ref> He has recently been described as "frustrated and impatient" with the alleged slowness to act on his research.<ref>{{REFnews | ||
| url=http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=73388 | |url=http://www.plusnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=73388 | ||
| title=GLOBAL: AIDS community moving too slowly on male circumcision | |title=GLOBAL: AIDS community moving too slowly on male circumcision | ||
| date=24 | |date=2007-07-24 | ||
| publisher=Plus News, IRIN | |publisher=Plus News, IRIN | ||
| accessdate=2011-02-27 | |accessdate=2011-02-27 | ||
}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
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== Quotes == | == Quotes == | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
| Text=I know foreskin is not pretty, but these slides are pretty. | |Text=I know foreskin is not pretty, but these slides are pretty. | ||
| Author=R. Bailey | |Author=R. Bailey | ||
| Source=The Lawrentian | |Source=The Lawrentian | ||
| ref=<ref>[http://www.lawrentian.com/features/the-impacts-of-male-circumcision-in-africa-1.1983582 Gajewski. (2008-05-02). The impacts of male circumcision in Africa. "The Lawrentian"]</ref> | |ref=<ref>[http://www.lawrentian.com/features/the-impacts-of-male-circumcision-in-africa-1.1983582 Gajewski. (2008-05-02). The impacts of male circumcision in Africa. "The Lawrentian"]</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Citation | {{Citation | ||
| Text=“We’re hacking away at it every month,” Dr. Bailey said. “Those foreskins are flying.” | |Text=“We’re hacking away at it every month,” Dr. Bailey said. “Those foreskins are flying.” | ||
| Author=R. Bailey | |Author=R. Bailey | ||
| Source=NY Times | |Source=NY Times | ||
| ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/health/27circumcision.html?pagewanted=all Pam Belluck. (2011-09-26). Obstacles Slow an Easy Way to Prevent H.I.V. in Men. "NY Times."]</ref> | |ref=<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/27/health/27circumcision.html?pagewanted=all Pam Belluck. (2011-09-26). Obstacles Slow an Easy Way to Prevent H.I.V. in Men. "NY Times."]</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||