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The '''risks and complications''' of male circumcision are extensive and only gradually being recognized by medical authorities. Male circumcision is a surgical operation that amputates a body part with various protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions. When considering the complications, risks, and other disadvantages, one must consider the surgical risks and the risks inherent in the loss of a body part and its functions. Adverse sexual and psychological effects have been identified, that should be considered in assessing the total risk of a proposed circumcision. A wide range of surgical complications occur in 2-10% of the cases. The risks are classified as bleeding, infection, and surgical mishap.<ref>Williams, N; L. Kapila (October 1993). "[http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/williams-kapila/#n14 Complications of circumcision]". ''Brit J Surg'' 80 (10): 1231-6.</ref> Since there are approximately 120 million circumcised men in the United States today, it stands to reason that there are millions of men who suffer daily from the effects of these botched circumcisionsand amputations.  Perhaps worst of all, more than 117<ref>Bollinger, Dan; Boy's Health Advisory (2010-04-26). "[http://www.faqs.org/periodicals/201004/2026622071.html Lost Boys: An Estimate of U.S. Circumcision-Related Infant Deaths"]. ''Thymos: Journal of Boyhood Studies'' 4 (1): 78–90 Retrieved 3/21/11</ref> to 229<ref>Baker RL. [http://www.cirp.org/library/general/baker1/Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous]. ''Sexual Medicine Today'' 1979;3(11):35-36)</ref> infants in the U.S. die from circumcision every year. {{SEEALSO}} * [[Sexual effects of circumcision]] * [[Fatalities]] {{LINKS}} * {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/ |title=Complications of circumcision |trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |website= |date=2013-02-22 |accessdate=2019-12-03 |format= |quote=}} * {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/sex_function/ |title=Foreskin Sexual Function/Circumcision Sexual Dysfunction |trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher=Circumcision Reference Library |website= |date=2013-07-30 |accessdate=2019-12-03 |format= |quote=}} * {{REFweb |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/ |title=Psychological impacts of male circumcision |trans-title= |language= |last= |first= |author-link= |publisher= |website= |date=2012-05-26 |accessdate=2019-02-03 |format= |quote=}} * {{REFweb |url=http://www.circumstitions.com/Sexuality.html |title=The Foreskin, Circumcision and Sexuality |trans-title= |language= |last=Young |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Young |publisher= |website=Circumstitions |date= |accessdate=2019-12-03 |format= |quote=}}