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→RCT in Kenya: Add information on problems with RCTs.
|url=http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/info/HIVStatement.html
|accessdate=2011-03-05
}}</ref>
Boyle & Hill (2011) reviewed the three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and found disabling methodological and statistical errors in all three. Although a 60 percent ''relative'' reduction in HIV was claimed, the ''absolute'' reduction was a statistically insignificant 1.3 percent.<ref name="boyle-hill2011">{{REFjournal
|last=Boyle
|first=Gregory J.
|author-link=
|last2=Hill
|first2=George
|author2-link=George Hill
|title=Sub-Saharan African randomised clinical trials into male circumcision and HIV transmission: Methodological, ethical and legal concerns
|journal=J Law Med
|date=2011-12
|volume=19
|issue=2
|pages=316-334
|url=http://www.salem-news.com/fms/pdf/2011-12_JLM-Boyle-Hill.pdf
|quote=
|pubmedID=22320006
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=
|accessdate=2020-03-23
}}</ref>