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Informed consent

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|volume=57
|pages=790-802
}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Porter, FL, |first=F.L. |last2=Porges SW, |first2=S.W. |last3=Marshall RE |first3=R.E. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/porter2/ |title=Newborn pain cries and vagal tone: parallel changes in response to circumcision]. '' |journal=Child Dev'' |date=1988; |volume=59: |pages=495-505.}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Emde RN, |first=R.N. |last2=Harmon RJ, |first2=R.J. |last3=Metcalf |first3=D, ''et al''.[ |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/emde/ |title=Stress and neonatal sleep]. '' |journal=Psychosom Med''. |date=1971; |volume=33( |issue=6): |pages=491-7.497}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Gunnar MR, |first=M.R. |last2=Connors |first2=J, . |last3=Isensee, |first3=Wall L. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/gunnar1988/ |title=Adrenocortical activity and behavioral distress in human newborns]. '' |journal=Dev Psychobiol''. |date=1988; |volume=21( |issue=4): |pages=297-310.}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Anders TF, |first=T.F. |last2=Chalemian RJ |first2=R.J. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/anders/ |title=The effects of circumcision on sleep-wake states in human neonates]. '' |journal=Psychosom Med''. |date=1974; |volume=36( |issue=2): |pages=174-9.179}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Marshall RE, |first=R.E. |last2=Stratton WC, |first2=W.C. |last3=Moore JA, ''et al'' |first3=J.A. [ |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/marshall1/ |title=Circumcision I: effects upon newborn behavior]. '' |journal=Infant Behavior and Development''. |date=1980; |volume=3: |pages=1-14.}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Marshall RE, |first=R.E. |last2=Porter FL, |first2=F.L. |last3=Rogers AG, ''et al'' |first3=A.G. [ |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/marshall2/ |title=Circumcision: II: effects upon mother-infant interaction]. '' |journal=Early Hum Dev'' |date=1982; |volume=7( |issue=4): |pages=367-74.374}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Lee |first=N. |title=Circumcision and breastfeeding. '' |journal=J Hum Lact'' |date=2000; |volume=16( |issue=4): |page=295.}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Anand KJS, |first=K.J.S. |last2=Hickey PR |first2=P.R. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand/ |title=Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus]. '' |journal=New Engl J Med'', |date=1987; |volume=317( |issue=21): |pages=1321-9. 1329 Retrieved 3/|accessdate=2011-03-21/11}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Anand KJS, |first=K.J.S. |first2=Frank M. |last2=Scalzo. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand4/ |title=Can Adverse Neonatal Experiences Alter Brain Development and Subsequent Behavior?] ''BIOLOGY OF THE NEONATE'', Volume |journal=Biology of the Neonate |volume=77, Number |issue=2: Pages |pages=69-82,February |date=2000.http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/anand4/ Retried 3/-02 |accessdate=2011-03-21/11}}</ref>, including altered perceptions of pain<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Taddio |first=A, . |last2=Goldbach |first2=M, . |last3=Ipp |first3=E, ''et al''. [ |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/taddio/ |title=Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain responses during vaccination in boys]. '' |journal=Lancet'' |date=1995; |volume=345: |pages=291-2. Retrieved 3/292 |accessdate=2011-03-21/11}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Taddio |first=A, . |last2=Katz |first2=J, . |last3=Ilersich AL, |first3=A.L. |last4=Koren |first4=G. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/taddio2 |title=Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination]. ''Lance''t |journal=Lancet |date=1997; |volume=349( |issue=9052): |pages=599-603./ Retrieved 3/ |accessdate=2011-03-21/11}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=LaPrairie |first=Jamie L. |last2=Murphy |first2=Anne Z. [ |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2766783/ |title=Neonatal Injury Alters Adult Pain Sensitivity by Increasing Opioid Tone in the Periaqueductal Gray]. '' |journal=Front Behav Neurosc''i 30 September Neurosci |date=2009. -09-30 Retrieved 3/|accessdate=2011-03-21/11}}</ref>, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Boyle GJ, |first=G.J. |author-link=Gregory J. Boyle |last2=Goldman |first2=R, . |author2-link=Ronald Goldman |last3=Svoboda |first3=J.S. |author3-link=J. Steven Svoboda JS, |last4=Fernandez |first4=E. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/boyle6/ |title=Male circumcision: pain, trauma and psychosexual sequelae]. '' |journal=J Health Psychol'' |date=2002; |volume=7( |issue=3): |pages=329-43.343}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Rhinehart |first=J. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/rhinehart1/ |title=Neonatal circumcision reconsidered]. '' |journal=Transactional Analysis J'' |date=1999; |volume=29( |issue=3): |pages=215-21.221}}</ref><ref>{{REFbook |last=Ramos |first=S, . |last2=Boyle |first2=G.J. |author2-link=Gregory J. Boyle GJ [ |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-3351-8_14 |chapter=Ritual and medical circumcision among Filipino boys: evidence of post-traumatic stress disorder]. In |editors: Denniston GCG.C., Hodges FMF.M., Milos MF (eds) M.F. |title=Understanding circumcision: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach to a Multi-Dimensional Problem. |location=New York: |publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, |year=2001: pp. |pages=253-70.270}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Menage |first=J. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/menage/ |title=Post-traumatic stress disorder in women who have undergone obstetric and/or gynaecological procedures]. '' |journal=J Reprod Infant Psychol'' |date=1993; |volume=11: |pages=221-28.228}}</ref>, and a possibly of adult self destructive behavior.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Van der Kolk BA, |first=B.A. |last2=Perry JC, |first2=J.C. |last3=Herman JL |first3=J.L. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/vanderkolk_1991/ |title=Childhood origins of self-destructive behavior]. '' |journal=Am J Psychiatry''. |date=1991; |volume=148; |pages=1665-71.1671}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Jacobson |first=B, . |last2=Bygdeman |first2=M. [ |url=https://www.bmj.com/content/317/7169/1346.full |title=Obstetric care and proneness of offspring to suicide]. '' |journal=BMJ''. |date=1998; |volume=317: |pages=1346-49.1349}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Salk |first=L, . |last2=Lipsitt LP, |first2=L.P. |last3=Sturner WQ, ''et al'' |first3=W.Q.[ |etal=yes |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/salk1/ |title=Relationship of maternal and perinatal conditions to eventual adolescent suicide]. '' |journal=Lancet'' |date=1985; |volume=i: |pages=624-7.627}}</ref>
Many circumcised men, some of whom are [[Circumcised doctors| doctors]], experience a strong denial of loss which in turn fuels an emotional compulsion to repeat the trauma to normalize their loss.<ref>{{REFjournal |last=Van der Kolk BA |first=B.A. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/vanderkolk/ |title=The compulsion to repeat the trauma: re-enactment, revictimization, and masochism]. '' |journal=Psychiatr Clin North Am''. |date=1989; |volume=12( |issue=2): |pages=389-411.}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Goldman |first=R. [ |author-link=Ronald Goldman |url=https://bjui-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.0830s1093.x |title=The psychological impact of circumcision]. '' |journal=BJU Int'' |date=1999; |volume=83 |issue=Suppl. 1: |pages=93-103.}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Maguire |first=P, . |last2=Parks CM |first2=C.M. [ |url=http://www.cirp.org/library/psych/maguire/ |title=Coping with loss: surgery and loss of body parts]. '' |journal=BMJ''. |date=1998; |volume=316( |issue=7137): |pages=1086-8. 1088 retrieved 3/|accessdate=2011-03-18/11}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Hill |first=G. [ |author-link=George Hill |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7www.cloudfrontliebertpub.netcom/doi/33967758abs/10.1016/j.jmhg.2007-09_Hill.pdf?1402982200=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3D2007-09_Hill06.pdf&Expires=1593048723&Signature=Is4Hq0eW0qQcHC2oM-K0d7oVPjsOpA~W8SQ62Sp--8ycfA7Zyk82a4XzuLWjuw5elXVmYzdBo47MjEdR7vZ-yqXVBpGbmH7c1iSeKmvmwPL5r6KSFER~0Sf4cgQsPFOH5rN35sG1MAHYE3M7atzGIear38oyvqq6~B3dCgyk05xD93-E7oZlLvZ-YkNhgdlJv0~7EkRJdV4Pr7vK40xJCY0bxN375KhP8n~edvQYvTNSGrApWqveLKirt7I4UF1opKcESa4Hx4jgiRftrUVjQKTb9Imcw7NjmPaV-QJvGqySxwWtw0UpYVpsy3pKiAYaWmNm2IBGhyTS2WJthJoHmQ__&Key-Pair-Id005 |title=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA The case against circumcision]. '' |journal=J Mens Health Gend''. |date=2007;-08-20 |volume=4( |issue=3): |pages=318-23.323}}</ref><ref>{{REFjournal |last=Goldman |first=R. [ |author-link=Ronald Goldman |url=https://academic.oup.com/pch/article/9/9/630/2648566 |title=Circumcision policy: a psychosocial perspective]. '' |journal=Paediatr Child Health'' |date=2004; |volume=9( |issue=9): |pages=630-3.633}}</ref>
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|url=https://www.emedicinehealth.com/informed_consent/article_em.htm#what_is_informed_consent
|archived=
|title=Informed Consent
|trans-title=
|language=English
|last=Wagner
|first=Richard
|author-link=
|publisher=emedicinehealth
|website=
|date=
|accessdate=2020-06-22
|format=
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}}
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