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|last=Masci
|first=Anna
|init=A
|last2=Arighi
|first2=Cecilia N.
|init2=CN
|last3=Diehl
|first3=Alexander D.
|init3=AD
|last4=Lieberman
|first4=Anne E.
|init4=AE
|last5=Mungall
|first5=Chris
|init5=C
|last6=Scheuermann
|first6=Richard H.
|init6=RH
|last7=Smith
|first7=Barry
|init7=B
|last8=Cowell
|first8=Lindsay G.
|init8=LG
|title=An improved ontological representation of dendritic cells as a paradigm for all cell types
|journal=BMC Bioinformatics
|last=Langerhans
|first=Paul
|init=P |title=Ueber Über die Nerven der menschlichen Haut
|trans-title=On the nerves of the human skin
|language=German
|last=Ginhoux
|first=Florent
|init=F
|last2=Tacke
|first2=Frank
|init2=F
|last3=Angeli
|first3=Veronique
|init3=V
|last4=Bogunovic
|first4=Milena
|init4=M
|last5=Loubeau
|first5=Martine
|init5=M
|last6=Dai
|first6=Xu-Ming
|init6=XM
|last7=Stanley
|first7=E. Richard
|init7=ER
|last8=Randolph
|first8=Gwendalyn J.
|init8=GJ
|last9=Merad
|first9=Miriam
|init9=M
|title=Langerhans cells arise from monocytes in vivo
|journal=Nature Immunology
|last=Valladeau
|first=Jenny
|lasst2init=J |last2=Dezutter-Dambuyant
|first2=Colette
|init2=C
|last3=Saeland
|first3=Sem
|init3=S
|title=Langerin/CD207 Sheds Light on Formation of Birbeck Granules and Their Possible Function in Langerhans Cells
|journal=Immunologic Research
|last=Poulin
|first=Lionel Franz
|init=LF
|last2=Henri
|first2=Sandrine
|init2=S
|last3=de Bovis
|first3=Béatrice
|init3=B
|last4=Devilard
|first4=Elisabeth
|init4=E
|last5=Kissenpfennig
|first5=Adrien
|init5=A
|last6=Malissen
|first6=Bernard
|init6=B
|title=The dermis contains langerin+ dendritic cells that develop and function independently of epidermal Langerhans cells
|journal=Journal of Experimental Medicine
|last=Kawamura
|first=Tatsuyoshi
|init=T
|last2=Kurtz
|first2=Stephen E.
|init2=SE
|last3=Blauvelt
|first3=Andrew
|init3=A
|last4=Shimada
|first4=Shinji
|init4=S
|title=The role of Langerhans cells in the sexual transmission of HIV
|journal=Journal of Dermatological Science
}}</ref> and as a target, reservoir, and vector of dissemination.<ref>{{REFjournal
|last=Dezutter-Dambuyant
|firstinit=C.
|last2=Charbonnier
|first2init2=A.S.AS
|last3=Schmitt
|first3init3=D.
|title=Cellules dendritiques épithéliales et infection par HIV-1 in vivo et in vitro
|trans-title=Epithelial dendritic cells and HIV-1 infection in vivo and in vitro
Hussain & Lehner (2005) observed Langerhans cells have been observed in foreskin, vaginal, and oral mucosa of humans; the lower concentrations in oral mucosa suggest that it is not a likely source of [[HIV]] infection relative to foreskin and vaginal mucosa.<ref name="pmid7558138">{{REFjournal
|last=Hussain
|firstinit=L.A.LA
|last2=Lehner
|first2init2=T.
|title=Comparative investigation of Langerhans' cells and potential receptors for HIV in oral, genitourinary and rectal epithelia
|journal=Immunology
|last=De Witte
|first=Lot
|init=L
|last2=Nabatov
|first2=Alexey
|init2=A
|last3=Pion
|first3=Marjorie
|init3=M
|last4=Fluitsma
|first4=Donna
|init4=D
|last5=De Jong
|first5= Marein A.W.P. |init5=MAWP
|last6=De Gruijl
|first6=Tanja
|init6=T
|last7=Piguet
|first7=Vincent
|init7=V
|last8=Van Kooyk
|first8=Yvette
|init8=Y
|last9=Geijtenbeek
|first9=Teunis B.H.
|init9=TBH
|title=Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells
|journal=Nature Medicine