Changes

==Recent developments==

As reported above, PEPFAR announced in November 2019 that the program to circumcise children would be discontinued due to abuses and an extremely high incidence of botched circumcision resulting in permanent injuries and mutilations.<ref name="lipstick2019" />

[[George C. Denniston]], M. D., M. P. H., the president of [[Doctors Opposing Circumcision (D.O.C.)| Doctors Opposing Circumcision]], in a letter to Ambassador Deborah L. Birx, M.D., M. P. H., dated 29 June 2020, the head of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) has called on PEPFAR to suspend the provision of male [[circumcision]] because it is ineffective and may increase the reception of HIV infection due to the loss of [[Immunological and protective function of the foreskin| immunological protections]] of the [[foreskin]], and to focus on the provision of anti-retroviral therapy and condoms.<ref name="denniston2020">{{REFdocument