Changes

It is now clear that boys are born with healthy foreskins without evidence of disease. Therefore there are no indications for infant circumcision, which is a non-therapeutic and medically-unnecessary surgical operation.<ref name="racp2010cps1996">{{REFdocument |title=Circumcision of Infant Males |url=https://www.racp.edu.au//docs/default-source/advocacy-library/circumcision-of-infant-males.pdf?sfvrsn=eaa32f1a_10 |contribution= |last= |first= |publisher=[[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]] |format=PDF |date=2010-09-01 |accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref> <ref>{{REFdocument |title=Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/KNMG-viewpoint-Non-therapeutic-circumcision-of-male-minors-27-05-2010-v2.pdf |contribution= |last= |first= |publisher=Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) |format=PDF |date=2010-05-27 |accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref> Circumcision excises the highly functional foreskin, which provides numerous protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions,<ref name="cold1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> so it is an irreversible, lasting injury. Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors is ''not'' the standard of care. Nevertheless, some non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys will continue to be performed for religious reasons, ethnic reasons, and the[[Adamant father syndrome| emotional needs of parents]]. When a circumcision is to be performed, the standard of care requires that analgesia be provided to reduce the extreme level of pain and trauma.<ref>{{REFjournal

}}</ref> <ref name="racp2010">{{REFdocument |title=Circumcision of Infant Males |url=https://www.racp.edu.au//docs/default-source/advocacy-library/circumcision-of-infant-males.pdf?sfvrsn=eaa32f1a_10 |contribution= |last= |first= |publisher=[[Royal Australasian College of Physicians]] |format=PDF |date=2010-09-01 |accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref> <ref>{{REFdocument |title=Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors |url=https://pool.intactiwiki.org/images/KNMG-viewpoint-Non-therapeutic-circumcision-of-male-minors-27-05-2010-v2.pdf |contribution= |last= |first= |publisher=Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) |format=PDF |date=2010-05-27 |accessdate=2021-07-11}}</ref> Circumcision excises the highly functional foreskin, which provides numerous protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions,<ref name="cold1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> so it is an irreversible, lasting injury. Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors is ''not'' the standard of care. Nevertheless, some non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys will continue to be performed for religious reasons, ethnic reasons, and the[[Adamant father syndrome| emotional needs of parents]]. When a circumcision is to be performed, the standard of care requires that analgesia be provided to reduce the extreme level of pain and trauma.<ref name="cps1996" /> (Total anesthesia cannot be used with infants.)