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}}</ref>
The standard of care now requires analgesia if elective neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision is to be carried out.<ref name="poland1987" /> <ref name="aap1999">{{REFjournal
|last=Lannon
|init=CM
|first=Carole M.
|author-link=
|last2=Bailey
|init2=AGD
|first2=Ann Geryl Doll
|author2-link=
|last3=Fleischman
|init3=AR
|first3=Alan R.
|author3-link=
|last4=Kaplan
|init4=G
|first4=George
|author4-link=
|etal=yes
|title=Circumcision policy statement
|trans-title=
|language=English
|journal=Pediatrics
|location=
|date=1999-09
|volume=103
|issue=3
|pages=687-93
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/aap1999/
|archived=
|quote=
|pubmedID=22926180
|pubmedCID=
|DOI=10.1016/j.juro.2013.06.094
|accessdate=2020-11-19
Pain
,Revise footnotes; Delete sentence on standard of care due to completion of section on standard of care.
|DOI=10.1542/peds.100.2.e3
|accessdate=2020-11-18
}}</ref>
}}</ref> Circumcision excises the highly functional foreskin, which provides numerous protective, immunological, sensory, and sexual functions,<ref name="cold1999">{{ColdCJ TaylorJR 1999}}</ref> so it is an irreversible, lasting injury. Non-therapeutic circumcision of male minors is ''not'' the standard of care.
Nevertheless, some non-therapeutic circumcisions of boys will continue to be performed for religious reasons, ethnic reasons, and the[[Adamant father syndrome| emotional needs of parents]]. When a circumcision is to be performed, the standard of care requires that analgesia be provided to reduce the extreme level of pain and trauma.<ref name="poland1987" /> <ref name="cps1996" /> <ref name="lander1997" /> <ref name="aap1999" /> (Total anesthesia cannot be used with infants.)
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