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[[Marilyn Fayre Milos]], {{RN}}, while a nursing student at [https://www.mymarinhealth.org/locations/medical-center/ Marin General Hospital], witnessed an unanesthetized circumcision of a newborn boy. Shocked by the extreme [[pain]] and horror of it, she became an opponent of infant circumcision and was forced to resign from her position at Marin General Hospital where infant non-therapeutic circumcision is a profit center and promoted to parents. She immediately created the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers ([[NOCIRC]]) in 1985.
American lawyer William E. Brigman (1985) used new medical evidence to argue that circumcision is child abuse, and discussed possible legal remedies. Recent medical articles have documented the actual injury of circumcision, to make it possible for an attorney to win damages for wrongful circumcision, he said. Brigman suggested civil rights class action suits against hospitals.<ref name="brigman1985">{{REFjournal
|last=Brigman
|first=William E.
|init=WE
|author-link=
|title=Circumcision as Child Abuse: The Legal and Constitutional Issues
|journal=J Fam Law
|date=1985
|volume=23
|issue=3
|pages=337
|url=http://www.cirp.org/library/legal/brigman/
|accessdate=2021-10-07
}}</ref>
Anand & Hickey (1987) published a paper in the ''New England Journal of Medicine'' that conclusively proved that newborn infants are capable of feeling intense pain. After publication of this landmark paper, no doubt about pain sensation in infants remained. The article stated: