Changes

In a February 2009 report produced by '''USAID''', a U.S. government agency, researchers found that circumcised men were more likely to have [[HIV ]] in 10 of 18 (African) countries with data available.<ref name='CR22'>{{REFnews

}}</ref> The report found condom use, not circumcision, to be correlated with [[HIV ]] status. Despite this report, USAID is listed as a contributing partner and a sponsor for the "[[Clearinghouse on Male Circumcision]] for [[HIV ]] Prevention."<ref>{{REFweb

In November 2010, USAID issued a "technical brief" on male circumcision as [[HIV ]] prevention. In the report, USAID states that it is supporting Swaziland's "Accelerated Saturation Initiative" for circumcision by providing "implementation support together with the <small>[U.S.]</small> Department of Defense, the Peace Corps, and the U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control]] and Prevention (CDC)." The report goes on to say that USAID, along with [[UNAIDS]], is providing technical and financial assistance in the studying circumcision programs in 14 African countries.<ref>{{REFnews

One issue of C-Change's publication included a study measuring media coverage of circumcision as [[HIV ]] prevention and strategies for keeping media reports positive.<ref name='C-Channel 2009-12'>{{REFweb

|Text=There appears no clear pattern of association between male circumcision and [[HIV ]] prevalence—in 8 of 18 countries with data, [[HIV ]] prevalence is lower among circumcised men, while in the remaining 10 countries it is higher.

Two separate very-large-scale population based studies found no relationship between circumcision status and the risk of contracting [[HIV ]] infection.

Mayan et al. (2021) carried out a massive empirical study of the male population of the province of Ontario, [[Canada]] (569,950 males), of whom 203,588 (35.7%) were circumcised between 1991 and 2017. The study concluded that circumcision status is not related to risk of [[HIV ]] infection.<ref name="mayan2021">{{REFjournal

[[Morten Frisch]] and Jacob Simonsen (2021) carried out a large scale empirical population study in [[Denmark]] of 855,654 males regarding the alleged value of male circumcision in preventing [[HIV ]] and other sexually transmitted infections in men. They found that circumcised men have a higher rate of STI and [[HIV ]] infection overall than intact men.<ref name="frisch2021">{{REFjournal

There now is credible evidence that the massive, expensive African circumcision programs have ''not'' been effective in preventing [[HIV ]] infection.